<p>The Furgler  is one of the most visited mountains of the Samnaun Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The tourist resort of Serfaus, which is in the immediate vicinity, is often selected as the start point for tours of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The ski area of Serfaus-Fiss-Ladis runs close to the mountain, which makes it much easier to climb. Start points here are the middle or top stations of the Komperdell lift on the Lazidkopf.</p><br>
<p>An ascent from the lift may be made on one of two waymarked paths:</p><br>
<p>The northern route runs from the middle station along the long-distance path no. 702 past the Furglersee, westwards through the Furgler valley, over the Furglerjoch col and along the north arête to the summit cross.</p><br>
<p>The southern route runs from the Lassida top station over the Böderköpfe to the Scheid, continues to the Tieftalsee lake and circumnavigates this to the southwest before reaching the summit.</p><br>
<p>Both routes may be combined in a crossing (taking about 5.5 hours). Climbing the southern route the crossing is slightly easier than the northern one. No special climbing equipment is needed, but good footwear is required.</p><br>
<p>Another ascent runs from the Ascher Hut over the Furglerjoch up to the summit (ca. 4 hours).</p><br>
<p>In winter the Furgler is a popular ski touring mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>There is a summit cross at the top of the Furgler which was erected in 1988, replacing the first cross put up in 1957. It is roughly nine metres high, made of wood and fixed with eight cables. Two memorial tablets recall these events: "Heiliges Kreuz sei unsere Fahne in dem Kampf und jeder Not die uns wecke die uns mahne treu zu sein bis in den Tod" (Errichtet von den Burschen und den Männern von Serfaus, 1957) and "Neu errichtet 1988 - Allen Helfern und Spendern Dank und Gottes Segen". The translation is: "Holy Cross be our banner in the battle and every adversity that befalls us that exhorts us to be true unto death" (erected by the boys and men of Serfaus, 1957) and "Newly erected in 1988 - Thanks and God bless to all those who helped and donated".</p><br>
<p>On another memorial tablet, Siegmund Oberacher (born 16 November 1944, died 23 March 1997) is commemorated by members of the Serfaus Mountain Rescue and by his family: "Wenn Du erschöpft bist, suche neue Kräfte in den Höhen der Berge, wo Du Gott und dir selber am nächsten sein kannst. Je höher man steigt, umso klarer wird das Wasser, umso reiner der Schnee, umso leuchtender das Himmelszelt. Ein jeder Tag ist wie ein kleines Jahr und jede Stunde Bergeinsamkeit ist Ewigkeit." The translation is: "When you&#39;re exhausted, seek new strength in the heights of the mountains where you can be closest to God and yourself. The higher you climb, the clearer is the water, the purer the snow, the more brilliant the sky. Every day is like a little year and every hour of mountain solitude is eternity."</p><br>
<p>In good weather there is an outstanding all-round view from the summit of countless Alpine summits.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Smellie&#39;s Building is a heritage-listed warehouse at 32 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Claude William Chambers and built from 1895 to 1896. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This warehouse was constructed in 1895–96 for the importing firm Smellie & Co.</p><br>
<p>RR Smellie & Co was established in the 1860s as a foundry and engineering works in Alice Street. Like others in the area, the firm produced cast iron products for the building industry, and equipment for steamships and locomotives. In the 1880s, RR Smellie & Co altered the orientation of its business, concentrating on importing machinery, implements, and general hardware supplies. In 1882, the company became known as Smellie & Co.</p><br>
<p>Smellie&#39;s premises in Alice Street proved to be too small as the business prospered in the 1880s. An additional warehouse was constructed further along Alice Street. A three storeyed warehouse (Old Mineral House) designed by Richard Gailey was constructed in 1888 on the corner of Edward and Alice Streets. This expansion of warehouse space was not sufficient to accommodate the ever-increasing trade of Smellie & Co, and a new bulk warehouse was constructed nearby in Edward Street in 1895–96. The architect for the building was Claude William Chambers.</p><br>
<p>From this warehouse Smellie & Co stocked a diverse range of hardware, engineering requisites, and farming equipment.</p><br>
<p>The company remained a prominent merchandising firm in Queensland until the 1930s when the economic depression adversely affected its business. During this period it began leasing its various properties in this area to the Department of Public Works. The Queensland Government acquired this property in 1945, along with a number of buildings owned by Smellie & Co. In 1946 Smellie & Co went into voluntary liquidation.</p><br>
<p>The Department of Public Works has used this building as storage, and as a car park, among other uses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This brick warehouse, located at the Brisbane River end of Edward Street, internally has a large timber structure incorporating a mezzanine level with a central opening.</p><br>
<p>The main facade, of tuck-pointed red brick, reflects the structural bays of the building with a large central arched opening, and slightly smaller flanking arches. The three bays are defined by brick pilasters which extend through to the parapet. The windows in the upper portions of each bay have narrow timber glazing bars. The central bay contains a roller shutter door while the bay on the eastern end contains a timber door with a carved timber baroque pediment.</p><br>
<p>The base of the building creates a podium consisting of darker coloured brick on a porphyry plinth stone with an upper section having a Greek key pattern in render.</p><br>
<p>The parapet is divided by raised elements which continue the line of the pilasters. Each of these is topped by a small classical pediment. The central portion of the parapet is raised and comes to a shallow peak with a flag pole behind. The name "SMELLIE & CO" appears prominently in render above the central bay. The date "1895" and the words "HARDWARE AND MACHINERY" also appear on the main facade.</p><br>
<p>The clerestory, on each side of the central king post trussed roof, provides natural light to both levels through the central mezzanine opening. Large timber beams and columns support both the mezzanine level and the roof. The mezzanine flooring is supported on closely spaced timber joists separated by herring-bone strutting.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Smellie&#39;s Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Smellies Building is part of a surviving group of industrial buildings and warehouses in lower Edward Street and Alice Street, demonstrating the evolution of Frogs Hollow as the principal warehousing and light-industrial sector of Brisbane&#39;s central business district, which was sustained from the second half of the 19th century through to the early decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Smellie&#39;s Building is significant as an accomplished and intact example of an 1890s warehouse with a finely detailed polychrome brick facade. The building is a good example of the industrial work of well-respected Brisbane architect, CW Chambers.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Smellie&#39;s Building is significant for its contribution to the Edward Street streetscape in association with the Port Office, Old Mineral House, the Port Office Hotel and the Naval Offices.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Smellie&#39;s Building is significant for its association with the firm of Smellie & Co, a prominent Queensland importing, engineering and iron founding firm.</p><br>
<p>Trizonia  is a small island in Corinthian Gulf and the only inhabited island among the islands of Corinthian gulf. Along with the nearby islets Prasoudi, Planemi and Agios Ioannis comprise a small group of islands. It is located in the north coasts of Corinthian gulf opposite the villages Glyfada and Chania of Phocis prefecture. Its area is 2.5 square kilometers and its population is 64 inhabitants according to 2011 census. The island belongs to Dorida municipality in Phocis regional unit.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the name of the island is unknown. According to a view, the name derives from the small insect cricket (in Greek trizoni). In accordance with another view the name derives from corruption of name trionisia that means three islands (because the small group of islands comprises three islands). In island there is a small settlement, built in the north part. The nearly circular bay in front of the settlement is used as small port for yachts. The island is visited by a ship from the opposite coast of Chania. In island there aren&#39;t motor vehicles. Trizonia has three beaches. The biggest from them is named Pounta and is located in the south of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>The Anglican St George&#39;s Church was founded in the 13th century in the village of Wembdon within the English county of Somerset. The current building dates from the 14th and 15th century but was largely rebuilt in 1868 after a fire. It is a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>The church was granted by William Testard, lord of Wembdon Manor, to St John&#39;s Hospital, Bridgwater in 1284. The current red sandstone building was built in the 14th and 15th century in a perpendicular style with a west tower.</p><br>
<p>In the churchyard is a 15th-century churchyard cross on an octagonal base. The shaft is approximately 1.9 m high; however the head of the cross is missing. It is a Grade II listed building and ancient monument. There is also a set of stocks which were probably installed in the 17th century. They were moved to their current site and restored in 1916.</p><br>
<p>The church was badly damaged by fire in March 1868, and as the certificate for fire insurance had expired, had to be rebuilt with significant local aid. The tower survived from the original building, however the rest of the structure was rebuilt to designs by J.M. Hay, which included the extension of the nave.</p><br>
<p>The benefice of Wembdon is within the Sedgemoor deanery which is part of the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<p>The R Martin & Co Building is a heritage-listed warehouse at 41 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Alexander Brown Wilson and built from 1885 to 1886 by Thomas Rees. It is also known as the South East Queensland Water Board Building, Brisbane & Area Water Board Building and Geedeejay House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This warehouse was built between 1885 and 1886, during the 1880s building boom. The site was purchased by Alexander Brand Webster and William Webster, importers of general merchandise, commission, insurance and shipping agents and wholesale stationers in 1885. The warehouse was designed by Alex B Wilson and constructed by Thomas Rees, builder for £3021.11.0.</p><br>
<p>Largely as a result of its proximity to the Brisbane River, the building was occupied by merchants and indent agents for 77 years. The first occupant, from 1887–1906, was Robert Martin, a prominent, well respected businessman in the ship chandlery trade. His business, R Martin & Co, ironmongers, sail makers and riggers was one of the largest in Queensland. From 1909–12 the building was occupied by Sturmfels Stores and in 1913–14 was listed as a Workman&#39;s Home run by the Salvation Army. In 1914, EF Broad (Qld Ltd) general merchant, indent agent and supplier to various food manufacturers moved to this building. The company remained there until 1963, having purchased the property in 1956. In 1982 the Brisbane and Area Water Board acquired this site and converted the upper levels into office accommodation. The authority became the South East Queensland Water Board in 1991.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the ground floor is occupied by a café.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This is a brick building of three storeys on a base of porphyry (Brisbane tuff) stonework that also has a basement level. The exterior brickwork has been rendered, with the side scored to imitate ashlar work. The Edward Street elevation is symmetrical and divided into three bays, equally spaced. Each floor is defined by a string course, those higher up the facade more ornate than those below. Single windows are centred in a bay on each level and are separated by pairs of pilasters. These are plain at the second level but have been given emphasis at the upper level by the use of recessed panels. The upper level windows consist of a tall central opening flanked by two shorter ones. Above this taller window is a small triangular pediment with scroll like brackets to each side which helps emphasise the vertical nature of this building on its narrow site. The windows at each level are timber frame double hung sashes.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Street facade is intact to the upper levels, but the interior has apparently been extensively refurbished. The building does not respond its corner site but has an austere side elevation with some plain openings facing Margaret Street. Plain string courses continue on the Margaret Street facade in line with those on the front of the building. The later full-height extension to the rear of the building has recently been rebuilt.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The R Martin & Co Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The R Martin & Co Building is a product of the 1880s building boom, the building reflects the development of lower Edward Street as a warehouse precinct.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The elaborate facade is typical as a slightly restrained variant of late Victorian ornamentation and detail, which differs from the austerity of later warehouse design.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The warehouses, including the adjoining Spencers building, provide visual cohesion to the streetscape as they were built to the Edward Street frontage and are similar in scale, height, materials and design features.</p><br>
<p>This narrow warehouse is a particularly fine example because of its ornate Victorian detailing – especially on the upper levels – which emphasises the building&#39;s height.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>This building is significant for its association with architect, AB Wilson, who also designed Webster and Co&#39;s warehouse at 146–160 Mary Street, and for the long term occupancy of R Martin & Co, prominent ship chandler and EF Broad Pty Ltd, successful general merchants.</p><br>
<p>The US 62 Bridge over Crooked Creek is a historic bridge near Pyatt, Arkansas. It carries US Highway 62  and US 412 across Crooked Creek, which flows through the center of Pyatt to the northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Dimensions</h2><br>
<p>The bridge is a three-span steel Warren Truss structure, set on concrete piers and abutments. Each span is about 136 ft long, and the bridge has a total length of 412 ft. Its travel surface is 26 ft wide, with a total structure width of 32 ft.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1948 by the Pioneer Construction Company of Kansas City, Missouri, and is one of the finest Warren truss bridges in the region.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Spencers Building is a pair of heritage-listed warehouses at 45–47 and 49–51 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1889 to 1890 by Thomas Rees. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land at the site occupies part of allotments 4 and 5 of section 35 which were acquired respectively by James Donald in 1852 and the well-known Benjamin Cribb in 1854. Cribb and Donald co-operated in subdivision and resubdivision of the allotments with the land under study passing to William Hood in 1876. Hood was a principal of the firm Hood & Binnie whose iron foundry works were located at the site until 1888. In that year title to the land passed to Frances Sophia Jones wife of the Anglican clergyman Rev Thomas Jones who had accompanied Brisbanes first Anglican Bishop, Edward Tufnell on his arrival in 1860. It was unusual in those times for a married woman to have sole title to this kind of property, but Frances Jones probably did not have ultimate control over it. Until the Married Womens Property Act was introduced in Queensland in 1890, a husband was entitled to the income from such a property and could mortgage it without his wife&#39;s consent – unless her family had secured it to her through a trust. By May 1889 Frances Jones had mortgaged the property to a total of £5000, presumably to finance the erection of the building which Thomas Rees undertook during the year; FDG Stanley, former Queensland Colonial Architect, was the designer. Rees had also built the adjacent warehouse (South East Queensland Water Board Building) several years earlier.</p><br>
<p>The building was complete by early 1890 and in February Benjamin Brothers Ltd occupied the western section (Nos 49–51) – using it as a bulk store. The building was flooded in the March 1890 floods and a photo taken at the time shows a "To Let" sign advertising the eastern section. Leasing agent was the Queensland Trustees Executors Agency Co (QTEA), presumably acting for Frances Sophia Jones.</p><br>
<p>Two floods (1890 and 1893 Brisbane flood), low occupancy rates and a severely depressed economy no doubt contributed to the repossession of the building in 1894. In the same year QTEA was struck off the companies register. The vacancy rates of the 1890s were relieved somewhat around the turn of the century with the first of a series of long-term tenancies. Leonard Spencer, coach builder and ironmonger began a twenty-odd year occupancy of Nos 45–47 in 1903. Another enduring tenancy, that of Roche & Dahl leather merchants (Nos 49–51), began in 1911.</p><br>
<p>In 1913 ownership of the property was transferred to James Milne and James Raff of the machinery firm Smellie & Co, whose two business premises (Smellie&#39;s Building and Old Mineral House) were nearby. In the late 1920s or early 1930s Leonard Spencer built his own building, Spencer Chambers, at 53 Edward Street and moved out of Nos 45–47. His place was taken by John Mitchell Hamilton, tent manufacturer who eventually bought the entire building, with his son, in 1941. In the mid 1940s Jolly & Batchelor carried on the leather tradition at the building, buying out Roche & Dahl and moving into their premises. For many years, Jolly & Batchelor operated their business there; in 1964 they left the central city area for South Brisbane where they continue to provide materials and equipment to the leather trade and to the public. Another Spencer, a typewriter dealer, bought Nos 45–47 in 1978, but sold it to the present owners in 1987. The present owners of Nos 47–51 acquired the property in 1965.</p><br>
<p>By 2014, Nos 45–47 had been unoccupied for several years and was sold in September 2014 (needing refurbishment).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This Victorian warehouse has austere classical detailing in both rendered and unrendered brickwork. The building consists of four storeys and a basement level and is divided into two identical portions. The upper three floors of each portion are separated by a string course. The ground floor has tall arched openings surrounded by render that imitates rusticated stonework. Above each centre bay at the street level is a simple triangular classical pediment. The three upper levels are unrendered brick. Windows on these levels are separated by projecting brick pilasters. The windows on the two middle levels have arched heads and those on the upper level have curved pediments. Paired moulded brackets support the cornice line at the upper level. Above this the parapet has plain triangular pediments located over each central bay. The engaged brick piers at the sides and in the centre of the building continue the rusticated theme of the rendered base by having seven fielded plaster panels regularly distributed along the height of the pier on each level.</p><br>
<p>Both rendered and unrendered portions of the building have been altered with the use of aluminium shopfronting at street level, moving the entry into a side bay, and a cantilevered awning. Some of the other windows have also been modified with the use of aluminium framed glazing. The face brickwork has been painted, eliminating the original distinction between the upper three levels and the rendered street level facade. At the rear the face brick remains unpainted, and the two portions are distinguished by separate gable ends with central loading gantries. A modern steel fire stair serves both sections of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Spencers Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Spencers Building is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, in particular the pattern of warehouse development in this area of Brisbane during the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>With its classical styling, Spencers Building demonstrates some of the principal characteristics of a Victorian warehouse.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Spencers Building is important in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community including the unusual decorative treatment of the facade which differentiates this building from other late nineteenth century warehouses and the visual cohesion of the warehouses, including the adjoining South East Queensland Water Board Building, in height, scale and materials.</p><br>
<p>Hilliard Towers Apartments, formerly known as the Raymond Hilliard Homes CHA housing project, is a residential high-rise development in the near South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It was designed by Bertrand Goldberg and is located between Clark Street, State Street, and Cermak Road. In 1999, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Raymond M. Hilliard Center Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Historical background</h2><br>
<p>The Hiliard Towers are built on top of what was once The Levee, a "wide-open" urban district on the South Side of Chicago. Close to railroad stations and railroad yards, the district was informally set aside for purposes of organized prostitution until its closure in the 1910s. The shutdown of the Levee was spurred by a citywide crusade against human trafficking.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Design began in 1963, with the increasing demand for affordable public housing and urban renewal projects growing in popularity throughout the country. Goldberg designed the structure to be supported almost exclusively by the outer shell, as opposed to Marina City, which was supported by its core. His opinion of other public housing projects was that they were developed in such a way as to punish residents for being poor; Goldberg wanted to design a home that residents would be proud of. The twin cylindrical towers were reserved for seniors and the two adjoining half-circle buildings were reserved for low-income families.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>By the early 1990s, the buildings had fallen into disrepair. In 1997, the CHA initiated a process of financing and redevelopment that would span 9 years, ending in 2006. The property is currently mixed-income, with a combination of middle-class residents paying market rate, plus low-income families and senior citizens with Section 8 vouchers.</p><br>
<p>The Caldwell Farmstead is a historic farmhouse located on Illinois Route 4 north of Chatham, Sangamon County, Illinois. The two-story Towered Italianate house was built in 1876. The red brick house features detailed joint work on the corners and groups of tall windows with molded hoods. A front porch supported by Roman columns runs along the front of the house. Decorative brackets adorn the wide eaves of the house&#39;s hip roof. A three-story tower with a steeply sloped cupola, the principal element of the Towered Italianate style, rises above the front entrance. The house is one of the few Towered Italianate homes in Central Illinois; similarly styled homes in the Springfield area include the George M. Brinkerhoff House and the Rippon-Kinsella House.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 16, 1984.</p><br>
<p>People&#39;s Methodist Episcopal Church, also known at the Independent Missionary Baptist Church, is a historic church in Colorado Springs in El Paso County, Colorado. Reverend Charles W. Homes was sent from Oskoloosa, Iowa by the Central Jurisdiction of the Methodist Church to build churches in black communities. They church was formed on February 18, 1903 by a group of ex-slaves or children of ex-slaves and began meeting at the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows Hall. The church was built in 1904 in a neighborhood that was predominantly African-American. Prominent early members include Jesse Bass, Lonnie Bassett, and Frank Loper.</p><br>
<p>By 1900, there were 875 African-Americans living in the city of a total of 21,085 people. People&#39;s Methodist Episcopal Church was the third African-American church formed in Colorado Springs, but the first built north of Pikes Peak Avenue where more than 75 black families lived. The first was Payne Chapel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church built in 1875 at Weber Street at Pueblo Avenue. It was established by the pioneering Carter brothers from Iowa on the land was donated by William Jackson Palmer. St. John’s Baptist Church was built three years later on Pueblo Avenue and East Cimarron Street.</p><br>
<p>It was centered in one of the largest African-American communities in the state and served as the Universal Negro Improvement Association headquarters for Colorado Springs from 1921 to the mid-1930s. The Universal Negro Improvement Association, established by Marcus Garvey in 1914, became one of the largest black empowerment movements in the world. Marcus Garvey visited Colorado Springs in May 1922 and again in October 1924 with his wife, Amy Jacques Garvey. The church provided meeting space for the DuBois Study Club, Peoples Literary Society, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Womens Home Missionary Society, Ladies Aid Society, and Colorado Springs Unity Council.</p><br>
<p>The church building is historically significant for the role that it served in the African-American community and its distinctive Queen Anne architecture with elements of Gothic Revival architecture. It is one of the oldest wood-framed and clad churches on its original foundation in the Colorado Springs area. In the early 1930s the church was altered to have a broader, steeper pitched roof, removal of several small double-hung windows, arched windows were replaced with wood tracery, and two side-by-side, arched steeple openings were replaced with a smaller, single, centered arched opening.</p><br>
<p>The church moved to 826 Boulder Street in 1965. The St. Vrain building has always been a place of worship.</p><br>
<p>Sheldrake Lake is a man-made body of water located in the north-eastern section of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. It has a surface area of 25 acres and formerly served as the water supply for neighboring Larchmont village. The lake is the result of Larchmont Water Company Dam #2 on the Sheldrake River. The dam, constructed in 1935, is masonry with a height of 31 ft and a length of 1,000 ft. The dam has a maximum discharge is 987 cuft per second and drains an area of 2.66 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The value of the water power of the Sheldrake River was recognized at an early date, and its development was primarily due to the work of Quakers who lived in the north-eastern portion of New Rochelle. In 1754 Nehemiah Palmer appears to have been the founder of the mill and he erected a saw-mill at the site of the lake in 1754. He gave the mill to his grandson Drake Palmer, and ratified this early gift in his will dated 1760. In 1774 Drake Palmer sold the mill to his brother, Aaron Palmer, and a grist-mill was added to the site. Both mills remained in operation by various owners for over a century. In 1876, under the ownership of John T.Goodlife, the mill dam was improved to enlarge the area of the pond so as to develop its use in the ice industry. The various enterprises of the mills continued until they were ultimately sold to Charles H. Murray who promoted the sites use by the Larchmont Water Company.</p><br>
<p>By the 1880s, Larchmont residents wells had proved inadequate and a new source needed to be found. The company bought Goodliffe Pond and later added Sheldrake Pond, a small water body on the site of todays Sheldrake Lake. The company laid water pipes from Goodliffe Pond to Larchmont down a route that is now Murray Avenue. In 1889 the first piped Sheldrake River water began to flow into Larchmont Manor. In 1893 the water company bought lands surrounding Sheldrake Pond from several owners, and obtained the right to raise the water level of the pond by 24.3 feet. In 1897, excavation began around Sheldrake Pond to enlarge its capacity. In 1900, expert stonemasons from Italy began construction on the big Upper Dam and spillway, which was completed by 1903.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The Sheldrake River drains a watershed whose upstream portions cover parts of Scarsdale and New Rochelle. The river supplies both Sheldrake Lake, and the smaller Goodliffe Pond to its east. It then flows under Weaver Street, and through Mamaroneck Town before ultimately joining the larger Mamaroneck River which empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<h2>Conservancy</h2><br>
<p>Today the lake is part of a 60-acre conservancy, permanently protected from development. It is an important resource for the neighboring communities which offers a unique wildlife habitat and an zone for nature-related study and recreation. Wildlife at the lake includes ducks and Canada geese.</p><br>
<p>Youngs Building is a heritage-listed warehouse at 93–103 Edward Street , Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1910 and repaired in 1912. It is also known as Optical Products. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 February 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This building was constructed in 1910. Recognising the investment potential of this warehouse precinct, Horace Edwin Broughton Young and Charles Ernest Young purchased the site of the Commercial Hotel for redevelopment in July 1909. The Young family founded the Fairymead Sugar Company Limited in 1879 which by 1912 was one of the largest mills in the Southern Hemisphere. The timber framed brick warehouse constructed on this site in 1910, at a cost of £16,000, was three storeys high, with a basement, and a fourth storey on the corner section. The building was leased the same year to Queensland Agency Company (merchants), Kronheimer Ltd (tobacco and cigar merchants) and Gregory and Davidson (merchants and arrowroot manufacturers). On 30 April 1912 fire broke out in the corner section of Youngs Building, occupied by the Queensland Agency and caused considerable damage to parts of the building and much of the stock kept on the premises. The fourth floor collapsed and was never rebuilt, leaving the repaired building three storeys throughout.</p><br>
<p>In 1923 the property was subdivided. Subdivision 1 was acquired by W.D. & H.O. Wills (Australia) Ltd (tobacco merchants) and John Simon Goldman and Ernest Victor Goldman, warehousemen, purchased subdivision 3. After Horace Young&#39;s death in December 1925, the remaining subdivisions were sold to Taubmans (Qld) Ltd and Arthur Cocks and Co, merchants. Change of ownership occurred in 1968 and subsequently the building has provided office space for numerous commercial tenants.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This Federation era warehouse shows many characteristics of the type with its fine detailing and unrendered brickwork. From Edward Street the building can be divided visually into four bays of equal width. The two central ones being identical to each other and the two outer bays while different to these are essentially the same as each other. Each of the four bays is symmetrical, with two narrow raised sections to either side with a slightly higher parapet, and a broader recessed central section between them. A continuous line of string coursing runs around the building across the face of the bays at the ground floor ceiling level, the first floor sill level and the second floor head level. This upper coursing is broken in two places at the recessed portions of the two central bays where there is a broad arch with voussoirs expressed alternately in render. The recessed portions of the outer bays have three tall rectangular windows on both the upper levels. Located above the string course over each top level window is a small brick arched opening. The outer bays also have raised semicircular sections of parapet centred at the top of each raised narrow section. Many of the openings on all levels have also had their glazing replaced with modern windows using aluminium window frames. One of the central openings at the first floor level features leadlight window panes.</p><br>
<p>The corner of the building has a section of brick wall that curves onto the Mary Street facade. This facade has a raised portion near the corner with a single opening on each level. The building then continues back in the manner of one of the recessed portions on the front of the building with broad arches at the upper level but with paired windows below rather than a group of three. As the ground drops away at this corner, openings to the basement appear at footpath level.</p><br>
<p>The facade retains its original face brickwork and rendered decoration, although considerable changes have occurred to the window openings and types. Internally, some evidence of the original structure and finishes remains, particularly the pressed metal ceilings to the first floor of the left hand bay. A brick water tank support tower exists at roof level at the rear of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Youngs Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 February 1995 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, in particular the evolution of lower Edward Street as a commercial/warehousing precinct and of the upsurge in the building industry in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building demonstrates the principal characteristics of a federation era warehouse with its broad arches and finely detailed face brick facade.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, including the length of its facade which contributes to the streetscape of Edward Street.</p><br>
<p>Wenley House is a heritage-listed warehouse at 20-30 Market Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Thomas Taylor and built in 1864. It is also known as Jewell&#39;s Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This warehouse was erected in 1864 by Maurice Moses Jewell, who came to Queensland in the early 1860s, after working as a builder in Sydney. In September 1863 he purchased this site at the corner of Charlotte and Market Streets, which was close to the wharves along the Town Reach of the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>Work began in January 1864 on the construction of what became known as Jewells Building. Architect for the project was Thomas Taylor, a partner of local firm Furnival and Taylor. Taylors design of six individual tenancies maximised potential return for Jewell. By July 1864 advertisements in the Queensland Daily Guardian advised space to let in the building, and various merchants and shipping agents took up leases.</p><br>
<p>Jewell and his wife died in 1869, leaving the property to their daughter Rachel. In 1874 Emanuel Barnett and Co, importers and warehousemen, obtained title which they held until 1919.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent to the decline of the shipping and warehousing activity in the area, the building has been used for a variety of purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This 1864 commercial building in the Georgian manner, has a strong visual impact among highrise commercial developments. It is a two-storeyed rendered brick building with basement and consists of six separate tenancies. It is symmetrically planned with each tenancy having its own entry with flanking windows, giving the facade a certain repetitive nature. The windows on the upper level are aligned with those below. A curved pediment is located over the two central tenancies at parapet level with the words "WENLEY HOUSE" following the curve of the parapet and the date 1865 centred below. The entry doorways have keyed surrounds with grotesque faces located on the keystones. There is a continuous pronounced cornice below parapet level, and a continuous band as a sill to the upper level windows. The lower level windows have individual sills supported on moulded brackets.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the building is divided into symmetrical gable ended sections that have central openings originally intended for goods delivery and serviced by small overhead gantries. These openings are flanked by double-hung windows on both levels. The end bay at the rear has been extended across the laneway. The laneway and rear of the building are also visually important.</p><br>
<p>Internally, in the tenancies at each end, roof trusses are still visible. From the basement of some of the tenancies herring-bone strutting can be seen between the joists of the floors above. Some of the floor levels have been modified to suit the different tenancies.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Wenley House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It is evidence of the former shipping and warehousing activity in the part of the city close to the Town Reach.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Wenley House is a rare example of an extant 1860s warehouse in the Brisbane central business district.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Wenley House is a fine, intact example of a commercial building designed to accommodate separate tenancies, with individual entries, roofs and loading gantries.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building contributes to the streetscape of Market Street by virtue of its form, scale and detail.</p><br>
<p>The Holiday Street aqueduct is a Grade II listed aqueduct at the start of the Worcester and Birmingham Canal in central Birmingham, England.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1870 the cast iron structure carries the canal and a wide access road originally leading from Bridge Street to Worcester Wharf (now housing) over Holliday Street very close to the Worcester Bar stop lock in Gas Street Basin.</p><br>
<p>Immediately to the south of Holliday Street the Cross-City Line (originally the Birmingham West Suburban Railway) rail line runs in a tunnel parallel to Holliday Street. A short distance south of that is the disused rail tunnel of the original line which terminated at Central Goods railway station (the previous terminus of the Birmingham West Suburban Railway). Immediately south of the disused rail tunnel the canal turns sharply between The Mailbox and The Cube through ninety degrees to run parallel to the rail tunnels.</p><br>
<h2>Water leak in 2015</h2><br>
<p>In February 2015 water was found to be leaking into the disused rail tunnel and the canal was drained between two temporary dams. The leak was traced to a hole in the canal bed.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Street Historic District encompasses the principal business and residential area of the Fairbanks Exploration Company in Fairbanks, Alaska. It extends along Illinois Street from Slater Street to Noyes Slough, including a series of residential properties on the east side of the road, and the surviving buildings of the F.E. Company complex on the west side. The F.E. Company was a dominating economic force in interior Alaska during the second quarter of the 20th century, and its operations were managed and organized from this area. Included in the district are eight houses, including the Colonial Revival Managers House and a group of 4 bungalows built by the company for its employees. The company also acquired and refurbished the 1911 home of Fred Noyes, for whom Noyes Slough is named. Of the companys once-extensive industrial complex on the west side of Illinois Street, only the administration building  and the machine shop  survive. A portion of Illinois Street, which follows the original alignment of a dirt track through the area, is also included in the district.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The historical district contains a total of 14 contributing properties, built between 1911 and 1935:</p><br>
<p>Johnson-Hayr House at 303 Illinois Street, 64.84849&deg; latitude, -147.71991&deg; longitude, built c. 1930.</p><br>
<p>Mapleton-Seton House at 315 Illinois Street, 64.84875&deg; latitude, -147.71971&deg; longitude, built c. 1930.</p><br>
<p>Noyes House, now known as the Chapel of Chimes Funeral Home, at 407 Illinois Street, 64.8498&deg; latitude, -147.71918&deg; longitude, built c. 1911.</p><br>
<p>The seven buildings comprised in F.E. Company Housing historical district, at 505, 507, 521 and 523 Illinois Street, 64.85068&deg; latitude, -147.71835&deg; longitude, built 1927-1928.</p><br>
<p>The F.E. Company Manager&#39;s House, at 757 Illinois Street, 64.85292&deg; latitude, -147.71608&deg; longitude, built 1935.</p><br>
<p>The F.E. Company Administrative Office, at 700 block Illinois Street, 64.85159&deg; latitude, -147.7196&deg; longitude, built c. 1927.</p><br>
<p>The F.E. Company Machine Shop, at 612 Illinois Street, 64.85195&deg; latitude, -147.72218&deg; longitude, built 1927.</p><br>
<p>Illinois Street itself, for the tract comprised between Slater Street and Noyes Slough.</p><br>
<p>The Gigalitz is a mountain, on the Floitenkamm ridge of the Zillertal Alps between the bottoms of Floitengrund and Stillupgrund. It is the Hausberg of the Greizer Hut.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>From the Greizer Hut the path runs up to the col of Lapenscharte (crossing to the Kasseler Hut) to a signed fork at a height of about 2,500 m. It continues on an unmarked path to the unprominent southwestern arête and then on grassy schrofen to the two summits. On the north top there is a metal orientation rose. The journey time from the Greizer Hut is about 2.5 hours. (775 metres of height difference).</p><br>
<h2>Summit cross</h2><br>
<p>In July 2006 a summit cross was funded and erected by the "FND" (Freitag nach Dienst="Friday After Work") pub regulars (Stammtischrunde).</p><br>
<h2>Climbing tour</h2><br>
<p>One of several climbing tours, with 7 rope lengths and UIAA grade 4+/5-, is laid out on the neighbouring Gigalitzturm rock tower (2,978 m). The start of this climb is on the Lapenscharte col.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Heinrich and Walter Klier: Zillertaler Alpen, Alpine Club Guide. Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, Munich, 1996,</p><br>
<h2>Map</h2><br>
<p>Alpine Club map 1:25,000 series, Sheet 35/2</p><br>
<p>The Squire Ignatius Haskell House is a historic house at 20 Main Street  in the center of Deer Isle, Maine. Now home to the Pilgrims Inn, this wood-frame house was built in 1793 by one of the maritime communitys leading men, and is one of its oldest buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Haskell House is set on the south side of Main Street in the village of Deer Isle, on a neck of land that separates Mill Pond from Northwest Harbor. The building is nominally 2-1/2 stories in height, but the sloping property exposes a full level of basement in the rear. It is a wood frame structure, with a gambrel roof, clapboard siding, and a granite fieldstone foundation. The roof is pierced by shed-roof dormers on both the front and back, that on the front a long one with five windows. The main facade is five bays wide, with a wide center entrance that is slightly recessed. It is flanked by sidelight windows and Greek Revival pilasters, and topped by Doric entablature. A two-story wing extends to the right side of the main block, and a two-story shed-roof addition projects from the center of the rear facade, supported by posts at the basement level. The interior of the house, which follows a typical post-colonial center hall plan, has retained much of its original finish.</p><br>
<p>Ignatius Haskell was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and came to Deer Isle with his brother and father in 1778. They established a number of businesses, including a grist mill and shipyard, and Haskell was one of the town&#39;s leading citizens. He served on the board of selectmen, made substantial contributions toward the construction of a meeting house (no longer standing), and served in the state legislature. In 1791 he married the daughter of a wealthy Newburyport family, and built this house, of much greater sophistication than is typical for much of coastal Maine of the period, in 1793. The house remained in Haskell descendant hands until the 1940s, although it was converted by them for use as a summer tourist accommodation, the use it sees today.</p><br>
<p>The Küchlspitze  is a three-thousander in the Verwall between the valley of Stanzer Tal and Paznaun in the western North Tyrol in Austria.</p><br>
<h2>Location and landscape</h2><br>
<p>The mountain rises between St. Anton am Arlberg in the Stanzer valley and Ischgl in the Paznaun to the southeast. Northeast of the summit is the Darmstädter Hut.</p><br>
<p>The Küchlspitze (which means "little Kuchenspitze") is the third highest peak in the range after the Hoher Riffler and 1 metre higher Kuchenspitze immediately to the north. It is a striking, three-sided pyramid. On the main ridge the eastern arête descends to the Rautejöchli and Rautekopf, the southwestern arête to the Schönpleisjöchli and twin peaks of the Schönpleisköpfe (northern, southern ), and the northern arête runs in an S-shape to the Kuchenspitze.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is glaciated; in the north cirque (Nordkar) of the Kuchenspitze lies the Großer Küchlferner glacier. The Kleine Küchlferner on the western flank is only a glacial remnant.</p><br>
<p>The Große Küchlferner drains into the Kartellspeicher reservoir and the Moosbach into the Rosanna, the west flank, with a tarn at into the Fasulbach, which empties into the upper Rosanna. The Madleinalpe to the southeast, which also has several tarns, drains via the Madleinbach into the Trisannna.</p><br>
<h2>Development and ascents</h2><br>
<p>The first ascents of the summit were made by survey engineers accompanied by a local chamois hunter as part of the Third k.u.k. State Survey around 1860, in the course of which the main chain of the Verwall was negotiated.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is rarely visited today. It may be ascended, for example, from St. Anton from the Schönverwall near the Konstanzer Hut directly or via the Kuchenjöchl saddle, or via the Moosbach valley (Kartellspeicher), and from the south from Ischgl across the Madleinalpe, or from Mathon via the Friedrichshafner Hut. The Darmstädter Hut is usually used as the base. Ascents of the summit are then difficult at the very least (east arête UIAA grad II/SACSAC ZS-), in places challenging climbing (e.g. over the Küchlspitze and the south ridge IV+).</p><br>
<p>At, the Raucheck is the highest peak in the Tennen Mountains in the Northern Limestone Alps. To the south rock faces up to 1,000 metres drop into the valley of the Salzach, whilst its northern side descends relatively gently over a broad plateau into the barren Pitschenberg valley where the Leopold Happisch Haus is located.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Raucheck rises in the southwest of the Tennen range east of the Lehnender Stein and west of the Werfener Hochthron on the edge of the extensive karst plateau. From its highest point with its summit cross there is an outstanding panorama, with particularly good views of the Hochkönig opposite, the rest of the Berchtesgaden Alps and the High Tauern mountains to the south (for example the Ankogel). Of note is that the height difference in crossing from the Raucheck to the Werfen on the opposite side of the Salzach valley is 1,900 metres. Due to its location and the gently sloping plateau the summit is popular with paragliders for intermediate landings and take-offs.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>Like most of the other mountains in the Tennen, the Raucheck is easy to ascend and does not demand any climbing. An ascent does require sure-footedness and a head for heights, however, as well as good fitness and Alpine experience. Unexpected dangers, such as becoming disoriented in fog or sudden storms, make the Tennen Mountains an area respected by mountaineers. Even on a clear summer&#39;s day, the Raucheck is not usually busy, although there are several huts in the vicinity. The most important routes are:</p><br>
<p>From the Wengerau, time: five hours, height difference: 1,500 metres</p><br>
<p>A rural and highly recommended route that begins in the Wengerau near Werfenweng. The ascent runs through the Elmaualm initially to the Werfener Hut. It makes sense to overnight here and attempt the hard climb the next day up the Thronleiter and the Throntal valley to the plateau. A short detour to the Edelweißer Hut is possible. Heading past the Hiefler the route finally approaches the summit of the Raucheck from the north. It is waymarked throughout and protected in the Throntal (UIAA grade I) with iron ladders and wire ropes.</p><br>
<p>From Mahdegg, time: four hours, height difference: 1,300 metres</p><br>
<p>The shortest and classic route, which is frequently steep and demanding, begins at the Unterholzbauern just below the Mahdegg-Alm. It runs via the Eiskeller and Fieberhornkar cirque to the Griesscharte saddle and continues up to the plateau. It then joins the route described above.</p><br>
<p>From the Eisriesenwelt, time: four hours, height difference: 900 metres</p><br>
<p>The easiest route in terms of height difference, but the most challenging in terms of difficulty. From Dr. Friedrich Oedl Haus near the Eisriesenwelt it runs up the Hochkogelsteig (UIAA grade II, but protected) to a hunting hut on the plateau. Then continues right (not down to the Leopold Happisch Haus) and along a long ridge past the Lehnender Stein and finally climbing to the top of the Raucheck from the north. Waymarked throughout and protected at difficult sections.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel  is a mountain in the Austrian state of Tyrol, and the highest peak in the Ammergau Alps, a range within the Northern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>. Located near the villages of Ehrwald and Lermoos, it is a popular mountain with hikers. Its North Face is around 200 metres high and its South Face has a more schrofen-like character. With the almost equally high Upsspitze it forms a double summit. To the northwest is a neighbouring peak, the Hochschrutte.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The summit may be reached on an easy mountain tour from the south, sure-footedness only being required on the summit arête from the Daniel to the Upsspitze. The ascent on the normal route starting at Leermoos and passing over the Tuftlalm and the Upsspitze takes about 3–4 hours according to the literature. A descent back over the Upsspitze, the Grünen Ups (a viewing point) and the Tuftlalm to Lermoos takes about 2½ hours. The summit offers a splendid view of the Zugspitze massif to the east and the Mieminger Range chain to the south.</p><br>
<p>File:Alpen Daniel.jpgThe Daniel from the Zugspitze</p><br>
<p>File:Daniel vom Ups aus.jpgThe Daniel from the Upsspitze</p><br>
<p>File:Daniel Gipfelkreuz.JPGSummit cross</p><br>
<p>File:Daniel-Upsspitze Gipfelgrat nach West.JPGThe Upsspitze from the Daniel</p><br>
<p>File:Daniel - Ammergauer Alpen.jpgThe Daniel from the Riffeltorkopf</p><br>
<p>Tilisuna-Schwarzhorn  is a in the Sulzfluh sub-range of the Rätikon mountain range in the Austrian state Vorarlberg. It has a long ridge from north to south and wide scarps east and west. Besides the main summit, there is a second summit called Kleines Schwarzhorn. Both summits are separated by the col Fürkele. The alpine club hut Tilisunahütte  is located near the Tilisuna-Schwarzhorn.</p><br>
<p>First ascenionists were land surveyors in 1853. Nowadays there are two common routes to the summit:</p><br>
<p>Easiest route: From south starting at Tilisunahütte via the saddle Schwarze Scharte in 45 to 75 minutes; some parts UIAA grade II, mostly grade I. This route was opened by J. S. Douglass and Chr. Zudrell in 1883.</p><br>
<p>North ridge: From upper station of cable car Grabs via Alpe Alpila and Schwarzhornsattel (2166 m) in 2–2½ hours; UIAA grade II. This route was opened by A. Remann, G. Gaßner and B. Hemmerle in 1886.</p><br>
<p>Naturfilm Schwarzhorn Cinedoku Vorarlberg.jpgThe two summits of the Tilisuna-Schwarzhorn</p><br>
<p>Tilisunahütte Sonnenaufgang 1.JPGAlpine club hut Tilisunahütte in front of the Tilisuna-Schwarzhorn</p><br>
<p>The Taft Farmstead is a historic farm located west of Rochester, Sangamon County, Illinois. Established in the early 20th century, the farm is one of the few intact farmsteads from the period which was not a renovation of an earlier farm. The farms Classical Revival farmhouse, which dates from 1912, is representative of the spread of individualized architecture to farms; its design includes two-story Doric columns along the front porch and a pyramidal roof with a pediment-like dormer in front. The farms main barn, a wooden structure used for livestock, was built in 1906. The farm also includes two additional barns, a grain shed, a chicken coop, an outhouse, and a garage.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Frenchman Island  is a 26 acre island located in Oneida Lake in Oswego County, New York, United States. It was known historically as "Seven Mile Island" during the American Revolution and by the Onondaga people as Kah-wha-nah-kee.</p><br>
<p>Though it was once home to a popular resort, the island is today uninhabited and largely undeveloped, with the exception of an active lighthouse. The island is open to the public for recreational use, however it can only be reached by boat.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of name</h2><br>
<p>Frenchman Island derives its name from a legend describing the islands first colonial inhabitants. The story varies between accounts, but generally tells of a French man and a wealthy French woman who eloped to the Americas in defiance of the womans father. They built a home upon the island in the late 1700s where they remained for seven years, having three children during that time. Visitors were surprised to find a well-apportioned home upon the island, which was at that time deep in a largely unsettled wilderness. Eventually, the father reconciled with his daughter, and the family was allowed to return to France.</p><br>
<p>Alexis de Tocqueville visited the island in 1831, retracing the story of the Frenchman in Joachim Heinrich Campe&#39;s Voyage au lac Onéida (1803), but found only scanty remains of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Frenchman Island Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>The island hosts one of the three lighthouses used to guide navigation on Oneida Lake. The lighthouses were built in 1917 as part of the New York State Barge Canal, which uses Oneida Lake as part of its water route from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. The Frenchman Island Lighthouse is still in operation today and is managed by the New York State Canal Corporation.</p><br>
<p>The tower was originally constructed to be 85 ft tall, and an additional 20 ft was added to the tower in 1949. It was constructed atop an 18 ft rise on the island, making the current total focal height of the lighthouse 123 ft above lake level. Light from the tower is visible from up to 20 mi away.</p><br>
<h2>Public use</h2><br>
<p>The island has historically been a popular location for sightseeing and picnicking.</p><br>
<p>In the latter part of the 20th century, the island was managed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation as Frenchman Island State Park, though it was largely undeveloped with little remaining to show from its days as a resort. Due to persistent vandalism, the park was closed for many years before re-opening in 2008. with plans for them to manage the island as a Wildlife Management Area. The island became part of the Three Mile Bay Wildlife Management Area.</p><br>
<p>Britannia Foundry is a heritage-listed converted foundry at 210 Alice Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It is also known as Smellie & Co Warehouse and Public Works Depot. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This building was constructed for the engineering and iron founding firm of Harvey Sargeant & Co., which was founded in 1880 and was part of the fledgling heavy engineering industry in Queensland. It produced ironworks, brick making machinery, girders, and agricultural machinery. The ironworks necessary for much of the building boom carried out in Brisbane in the 1880s were supplied by Harvey, Sargeant, & Co.</p><br>
<p>In 1885 the company purchased a site in Alice Street for a foundry and a building was erected. Called the Britannia Foundry, it was one of several foundries in the street, including Smellie & Co, and Smith, Forrester & Co, who operated the Queensland Ironworks.</p><br>
<p>Harvey, Sargeant & Co went into insolvency in 1892, but a new company was formed to continue operating the foundry. In 1903 the business moved to new premises in Alice Street. The firm remained in this part of the city until 1966 when it moved to Sherwood, where it traded under the name of ANI-Sargeant for many years, celebrating its centenary in 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the property was purchased by Smellie & Co, a firm which imported machinery and farming equipment, for use as a warehouse. Smellies owned adjacent properties in Alice and Edward Streets (Old Mineral House and Smellies Building). In 1945, Smellie & Co sold the building, along with its other properties to the Queensland Government. The Department of Public Works has used this building as a workshop, and more recently for storage.</p><br>
<p>The building was subsequently sold by the Department and is now used as commercial offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This two-storeyed building, situated in Alice Street, is of brick construction with a rendered facade and a galvanised iron roof.</p><br>
<p>The facade has semi-circular arched windows on both levels. There are eight openings on the upper level and three to each side of a central square carriage way on the lower level. All the arched openings have moulded architraves, sills, and ornamented keystones. An opening on the ground floor has been converted to a doorway. A pilaster of vermiculated quoins runs down the northern end of the facade. A frieze and dentilled cornice extend across the building and are surmounted by two simple triangular pediments with scroll-like brackets to each side.</p><br>
<p>The rear elevation had a circular opening and four rectangular ones, all of which have been blocked up. A steel escape stair and aluminium framed glazed doors have been inserted on the exposed side of the building facing the yard.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has been altered but still shows evidence of its original construction and use. Some cast-iron columns incorporating brackets remain at the front of the building on the ground floor. The timber trusses of the two gable roofs are exposed on the upper level.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Britannia Foundry was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building also provides evidence of engineering and foundry works which previously were a major activity in the Alice Street area.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as an example of an intact 1880s industrial building with a decorative facade.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant for its contribution to the Alice Street streetscape along with neighbouring Old Mineral House.</p><br>
<p>Catholic Centre is a heritage-listed converted warehouse at 149 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Slatyer & Cosh and built in 1900. It is also known as Edwards Dunlop Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This building was erected in 1900 for Edwards Dunlop & Co Ltd, a Sydney-based paper merchandising firm. The architects were probably the Sydney firm Slatyer & Cosh. The building featured an electric lift, modern fire fighting equipment and an extensive telephone system.</p><br>
<p>The company occupied the building on 1 January 1901, the day of Federation. It was an apt moment, as Federation removed many of the obstacles to intercolonial trade, allowing Sydney-based companies like Edwards Dunlop to more economically tap the Queensland market.</p><br>
<p>By 1910 the company was considered to be the largest paper wholesaling firm in the state. It was the contractor to the Queensland Department of Public Instruction, supplying text and exercise books and wall maps to schools around the state. The company acquired adjoining portions of land in 1925 and 1957, taking their block in an L-shape to Charlotte Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1974 Edwards Dunlop moved to premises at Eagle Farm, and in the following year the building was purchased by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane. Renovations and modifications were undertaken which included the installation of a new lift and stairs, the construction of video and radio studios, and the provision of access to St Stephen&#39;s Cathedral. The building is currently occupied by various Catholic organisations.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the Catholic archdiocese took the owners of the adjacent Exchange Hotel to court in an attempt to stop an extension to the hotel, citing the impact on both the Catholic Centre and St Stephen&#39;s Cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This polychrome brick and stone Federation era building comprises four storeys with a basement.</p><br>
<p>The upper three levels are encompassed by giant order pilasters that separate the window openings. These have plain capitals that support cut stone semi-circular arches over the top windows. The parapet has four shallow concave curves punctuated by projecting piers at the centre and ends.</p><br>
<p>The street facade has three entrances. The main entry on the western end is emphasised by a projecting stone pediment and another served as a carriageway. The windows to the major ground floor space are shaded by the later addition of a deep corrugated iron sun-hood supported on cast iron brackets.</p><br>
<p>The windows to the basement are separated by rusticated stone piers and protected by cast iron picket screens.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the building has been painted and has a tall T-shaped arched tank stand located centrally at the top.</p><br>
<p>Internally elements of finely detailed original joinery survive. Timber posts, beams and brick walls are unpainted.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Catholic Centre was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Catholic Centre is significant as a Federation era warehouse with a finely detailed face brick and stone facade, much intact internal structure, and joinery.</p><br>
<p>The Catholic Centre is significant for its contribution to the Edward Street streetscape, which here is dominated by late nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Catholic Centre is significant as a Federation era warehouse with a finely detailed face brick and stone facade, much intact internal structure, and joinery.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Catholic Centre is significant for its contribution to the Edward Street streetscape, which here is dominated by late nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Early Streets of Brisbane is a heritage-listed archaeological site at sections of Albert Street, George Street, William Street, North Quay, Queen&#39;s Wharf Road, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1825 onwards. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 July 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In May 1825 Lieutenant Henry Miller moved the Moreton Bay penal colony from the Redcliffe Peninsula to the northern bank of the Brisbane River. This was an elevated location with water holes and cooling breezes. The southern bank was a cliff of rock, suitable for building material, and a fertile flood plain. The settlers faced hardship and privation and the paucity of resources combined with thick sub-tropical vegetation made settlement difficult. Between 1826 and 1829, the number of prisoners in the settlement rose from 200 to 1000 and the plight of the convicts whose labour was to establish the settlement was dire.</p><br>
<p>The site of Brisbane Town was an ongoing issue, with Commandant Patrick Logan proposing that the settlement be moved to Stradbroke Island. However, the difficulties of crossing the bay saw this plan abandoned. Logan continued to seek alternative sites, establishing a number of outstations including Eagle Farm and Oxley Creek. Despite the continued uncertainty about the future of Brisbane Town, building had continued under Commandant Logan, who is given credit for laying out the earliest permanent foundations. Logan was responsible for the building of Brisbane&#39;s only surviving convict-constructed buildings: the Commissariat Store and the Old Windmill.</p><br>
<p>Convict numbers fell 75 percent between 1831 and 1838 by which time the area under cultivation shrank from 200 hectares to only 29. On 10 February 1842 Governor Gipps declared Moreton Bay open for Free Settlement.</p><br>
<p>The Moreton Bay Penal Settlement during its 15 years of operation consisted of a range of buildings including barracks for convicts and troops, officers quarters, dwellings for the Commandant, chaplain, Commissariat officer, surgeon, Commandants clerk and engineer, a military and convict hospital, the Commissariat Store, and various stores, barns and sheds. The settlement also included a wharf, wells, a flagstaff, gardens and a lumber yard.</p><br>
<p>The Commandants cottage was constructed in 1825 on the site of the old Queensland Government Printing Office building (now the Public Service Club between William and George Streets. It was a wooden building with brick chimneys. In 1826 a detached brick building was built to the rear of the Commandants house. A line of buildings ran from the Commandants house to the first military barracks along present-day William Street. These buildings included the Engineers cottage on the corner of William and Elizabeth Streets in what is now known as Queens Gardens. The cottage was associated with the first lumber yard on this block, which also contained engineer&#39;s stores and workshops.</p><br>
<p>The first military barracks were constructed in 1825 as two slab huts for the sergeant, corporal and 12 privates, and separate huts for the married couples on the corner of Queen Street and North Quay, site of the present Brisbane Square. The barracks were later moved to the other side of Queen Street and replaced by the second lumber yard in 1831. The first prisoner accommodation also consisted of slab huts, probably at the intersection of Queen and Albert Streets; stone barracks were constructed in 1829. The first Commissariat Store was constructed as a long, low slab building near the corner of Elizabeth and Albert Streets and was later used as a barn, after the stone Commissariat Store was built in 1829. The first Commissariat Store appears to have been situated within the alignment of the present day Elizabeth Street.</p><br>
<p>The only entry point into the settlement was via the wharf on the Brisbane River. Initially known as the Kings Wharf, or Kings Jetty, it was constructed by 1827 when the boat crews hut and boat builders shed were first occupied. A crane was constructed on the end of the wharf in order to transfer goods from the arriving ships to the shore. The wharf was situated on the river bank opposite the Commissariat Store on Queens Wharf Road. The main thoroughfare into the settlement was up the steep river bank following the present day alignment of Queens Wharf Road. Pedestrians were able to enter the settlement through the vacant land immediately northwest of the Commissariat Store, in what is today known as Miller Park.</p><br>
<p>A hospital was completed in 1827, after much government bungling over plans and approvals, on the block bounded by North Quay, Adelaide, George and Ann Streets, with the buildings extending into the current alignment of Adelaide Street. The windmill tower which still stands on Wickham Terrace was likely completed in late 1828, with a treadmill added before September 1829.</p><br>
<p>The Prisoners&#39; Barracks were constructed between 1827 and 1830 to house up to 1000 convicts and was the largest stone building in the settlement at the time. The barracks were situated with the frontage along present-day Queen Street, on the block surrounded by Albert, Adelaide, George and Queen Streets. The barracks consisted of a multi-storey stone building with a central archway and a large walled yard to the rear. Several smaller buildings were situated in the yard on the far side of what would become Burnett Lane.</p><br>
<p>The dominant archway of the Prisoners Barracks extended approximately 10 metres through the building from the Queen Street frontage towards Adelaide Street opening into the large walled yard. The yard was the site of Moreton Bays first public execution in 1830. Within the archway itself, strategically situated for all incoming and existing convicts to see, was the flogging triangle. Records indicate that in the period between February and October 1828 alone, over 11,000 lashes were inflicted on 200 convicts; this included 128 sentences of 50 or more lashes. The average in New South Wales was 41 lashes per sentence. The barracks were used from 1860 to 1868 as the court house and for Queenslands first Parliament. The barracks were demolished in 1880 with commercial redevelopment of the area in the early to mid-1880s particularly the buildings along Queen Street backing onto Burnett Lane, many of which are still extant (Manwaring Building, Gardams Building, Hardy Brothers Building, Edwards and Chapman Building, Colonial Mutual Chambers, Palings Building, Allan and Stark Building).</p><br>
<p>Beside the Prisoners Barracks, along the Queen Street alignment towards the river, a row of single-story brick buildings were erected. The functions of the six apartments of these buildings changed over time including use as the Commissariat Officers residence, school room, guard house, Superintendent of Convicts residence, gaol room, solitary cells, married soldiers residences, and a military school.</p><br>
<p>The Chaplains house was constructed in 1828, halfway between the Commandants house and the Engineer&#39;s cottage, on the site now occupied by the former Lands Administration Building (now Treasury Hotel) between William and George Streets. Described in 1829 as a handsome brick house, it was later divided into two dwellings, and occupied at various times by the Assistant Surgeon and the Commissariat Officer.</p><br>
<p>The Government Gardens were established in 1828 to the southwest of the settlement on the site of the present day City Botanic Gardens on Alice Street. The garden was under the charge of the Superintendent of Agriculture and produced a wide range of vegetables including cabbage, cauliflower, peas, beans, potatoes and pumpkins, as well as fruit trees and plants such as banana, pineapple, citrus, and apple. The Gardeners house, octagonal in shape and consisting of three rooms surrounded by verandahs, was also situated in the gardens. The route of the roadway along the western end of the settlement from the Prisoners Barracks to the Government Gardens overlaps with the current Albert Street on the block between Margaret and Alice Streets.</p><br>
<p>The new Commissariat Store, Brisbane was constructed in 1828 and 1829, on its site between present day William Street and Queens Wharf Road. The two story utilitarian building was constructed of local porphyry and sandstone, with its ground and second floor doors opening towards the river and the wharf. Used for various stores and government purposes over its history, it is one of only two extant structures from the convict period.</p><br>
<p>One of the major thoroughfares of the settlement, taken by Allan Cunningham in his 1829 survey, ran along the rear of the Prisoners Barracks towards a pathway up to the windmill tower and to the Kangaroo Point Road. The alignment of this pathway follows the current alignment of Adelaide Street, from George Street to Albert Street, where the original pathway crossed Wheat Creek.</p><br>
<p>Additional hospital accommodation was erected in 1830/31 adjacent to the existing hospital, situated between present day North Quay and George Street. This included a cottage for the Medical Officer and a building to serve as the Military Hospital. The new Military Barracks were also constructed in 1831. Designed for 100 rank and file, the barracks compound also included a guard house and a dwelling for two subaltern officers. The barracks were constructed on what is today the Treasury Building (Treasury Casino) while the former barracks site (situated at Brisbane Square) was converted to the lumber yard.</p><br>
<p>In 1839, in preparation for the opening of Moreton Bay to free settlement, surveyors were sent from Sydney to draw maps of the district and prepare town plans so the land could be put up for sale. The town plan undertaken by Robert Dixon (Plan MT3, DERM 1840) is based on an earlier 1839 plan but superimposes the proposed street plan for the free town of Brisbane with square blocks of 10 chains. Additional features depicted in these plans include a well situated in what is now George Street, near the intersection with Burnett Lane; a flagstaff in the centre of what is now William Street, close to the northwest boundary of Miller Park; and a range of gardens. The garden areas included military gardens and Dixons garden behind the Military Barracks in the block bounded by Queen, George, Elizabeth and Albert Streets; Whytes garden to the northwest of the Prisoners Barracks, through which Burnett Lane now runs; Handts garden and Kents garden to the rear of the Chaplains house and Commandants house, today overlain by parts of Elizabeth, George and Charlotte Streets; the Commandants garden adjacent to the Commissariat Store along William Street and down towards Alice Street; and Pagets garden and Dr Ballards garden adjacent to the Hospital, in the location of George and Ann Streets. Barns and a piggery indicated on Dixons 1840 plan appear to have been situated within the current alignment of Charlotte Street.</p><br>
<p>On 10 February 1842 Governor George Gipps declared the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement closed and the district open for free settlement. A number of revised plans for the town were made, particularly after a visit by Governor Gipps, with the 1843 plan by surveyor Henry Wade (Plan MT8, DERM 1843) being the one adopted as the present day plan of the Brisbane CBD.</p><br>
<p>Only three other places within the Brisbane CBD dating to the penal settlement period are entered in the Queensland Heritage Register:</p><br>
<p>The Old Windmill</p><br>
<p>the Commissariat Store, Brisbane</p><br>
<p>the City Botanic Gardens</p><br>
<p>Archaeological investigations at the Commissariat Store, Old Windmill and 40 Queen Street (Brisbane Square) have identified archaeological remains dating to the penal period. The original cemetery site at Skew Street is also well known as is the childrens burial site at North Quay. The remnants of the original Commandants House were also unearthed in the mid 1980s without any archaeological investigation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Early Streets of Brisbane includes Lot 1 on AP3481, Lot 12 on SP180752 and the following road reserves:</p><br>
<p>Adelaide Street, between George and Albert Street, excluding Albert Street intersection</p><br>
<p>Albert Street, between Margaret and Alice Streets, excluding Margaret Street intersection</p><br>
<p>Alice Street, between William and Albert Streets including Albert Street intersection</p><br>
<p>Burnett Lane – Charlotte Street, between George and Albert Streets, excluding Albert Street intersection</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Street, between George and Albert Streets, including George Street intersection</p><br>
<p>George Street, between Adelaide and Queen Streets, including Adelaide Street intersection</p><br>
<p>George Street, between Queen and Elizabeth Streets, including Elizabeth Street intersection</p><br>
<p>George Street, from Charlotte Street to end, at boundary with QUT campus, including all intersections</p><br>
<p>North Quay, between Ann and Queen Streets, including Adelaide Street intersection</p><br>
<p>Margaret Street, between William and George Streets, including intersections</p><br>
<p>Queen&#39;s Wharf Road, between Margaret and Elizabeth Street alignments</p><br>
<p>Part of Queen&#39;s Wharf Road, adjacent to Queen Street</p><br>
<p>Part of William Street, between Queen and Elizabeth Streets, excluding the extent of Lot 300 CP966930, the road surface situated directly above it, and intersections</p><br>
<p>William Street, between Elizabeth and Alice Streets, excluding Elizabeth Street intersection</p><br>
<p>The Early Streets of Brisbane excludes the volumetric parcels, being Lot 42 SP145288, Lot 587 SL10897, and Lot 588 SL10897.</p><br>
<p>All roads are modern bituminised surfaces with white and yellow line markings. All roads are kerbed and channelled with either concrete or porphyry stone blocks in the kerbing, and concreted gutters. The road reserves include the footpaths which consist of a range of surfacing materials including brick paving, concrete and bitumen.</p><br>
<h3>Burnett Lane</h3><br>
<p>Burnett Lane is a narrow street that runs between George Street and Albert Street between and parallel to Adelaide Street and Queen Street. It is Brisbanes oldest laneway and is named after James Charles Burnett, one of Queenslands earliest surveyors. During the penal colony years, it was used as a prison exercise yard and for floggings and hangings. Later it became the tradesmen&#39;s entrance to buildings fronting Queen and Adelaide Streets. In 2008 Brisbane City Council announced that Burnett Lane would be refurbished and integrated into the Queen Street Mall precinct, resulting the lane developing into a popular cafe and bar precinct, but delivery vehicles pose a problem for pedestrians in this narrow street.</p><br>
<h2>1844 map</h2><br>
<h3>Map legend</h3><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Early Streets of Brisbane was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 July 2010 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The Early Streets of Brisbane have the potential to contain archaeological artefacts that are an important source of information about Queensland&#39;s history. Potential subsurface remains will demonstrate the establishment, evolution and pattern of settlement of early Brisbane as a penal colony. Evidence of this first European occupation of Brisbane is extremely rare given the substantial development into a modern city. Archaeological remains associated with the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement will provide evidence and understanding of a particular type of place - that of colonial penal settlements - this being the first and only example of its type in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Survey plans of the initial settlement overlaid with the proposed (and current) street plan exist, enabling the clear identification of locations of the early settlement structures. Although the current alignment of Queen Street remains substantially the same as its original, the current street plan alignment overlaps with allotments from the penal settlement period. This leads to a high potential for the remains of buildings being situated within the current street alignments. The construction of Brisbanes streets has seen a deposition and build-up of layers rather than being cut down and removed, thereby preserving earlier cultural deposits. This was evident during work undertaken for the construction of Queens Plaza on the corner of Queen and Edward Streets in 2003 which clearly demonstrated the buildup of layers in the stratigraphic profile of Queen Street. The streets therefore are the least disturbed areas in the Brisbane Central Business District (CBD) with the most potential for the presence of the earliest remains of Queenslands European settlement.</p><br>
<p>The Streets have the potential for subsurface remains of the full range of activities occurring in the penal settlement related to the Prisoners Barracks, Commandants House and Office, Commissariat Store and Office, Officers Quarters, and Military Barracks, Military and Convict Hospitals, other dwellings, gardens, stores and barns. The archaeological investigation of the Early Streets of Brisbane has the potential to provide information about unmapped buildings and features, and to provide information about the use of mapped structures whose purpose is historically unknown. The remains of buildings, features and other artefacts have the potential to provide insight into the material culture and life ways of the convicts, soldiers and administrators of the penal settlement. They also have the potential to provide an insight into the social divisions between these groups, and the social development of early Queensland. This will contribute information to the collective understanding of convict sites around Australia and the place of Queensland in the system of forced migration and punishment of the 18th and 19th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Given the accumulation of material from the initial European settlement of Brisbane to the present day, there is also the potential for archaeological remains from subsequent periods to be recovered. This will contribute to the full history of development of Queensland&#39;s capital city of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The Early Streets of Brisbane have been assessed as part of the Brisbane City CBD Archaeological Plan as being "Exceedingly Rare" given their association with the penal settlement phase of Brisbane. The level of disturbance has been designated as "Intact" given the minor subsurface works undertaken and the tendency for accumulation of deposits when constructing or renewing road surfaces. This combination of being designated "exceedingly rare" and "intact" leads to the categorisation of the Early Streets of Brisbane as having "Exceptional Archaeological Research Potential".</p><br>
<p>Being the least disturbed areas of the Brisbane City CBD with high potential for the earliest remains of the colonys establishment, archaeological investigation of the Early Streets of Brisbane has the potential to answer important research questions critical to Queenslands history. Such questions could focus on but are not limited to the identification of the locations and purposes of previously undocumented penal settlement buildings, questions of social status, individual and collective living conditions, and an understanding of the processes of forced migration and punishment.</p><br>
<p>Trogkofel   is a mountain of the Carnic Alps lying on the border of Friuli, Italy and Carinthia, Austria. It is located on the main ridge of the Carnics between the Aip Valley to the south and the Gail Valley in the north, and is the second highest mountain on the eastern ridge after Gailtaler Polinik. The mountain is known as Crete Rosse, meaning Red Rocky Mountain in Friuli.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent took place in 1886 although it is very likely that local hunters reached the summit way before then. The mountain can be climbed with a moderate level of difficulty from all directions. Due to the isolated position of the peak, and its prominence over neighbouring peaks, the summit offers a panoramic view, which includes all of the Carnics, the Dolomites, the Julian Alps, the Gailtal Alps and the High Tauern.</p><br>
<p>Mooney Memorial Fountain is a heritage-listed memorial at 118 Eagle Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by William Holloway Chambers and built from 1878 to 1880 by William Webster. It is also known as Eagle Street Fountain. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This fountain, erected between 1878 and 1880, was designed by the City Engineer, William Holloway Chambers. It was built at a cost of £627 as part of measures to enhance the visual character of that part of the city. The fountain was funded by the Brisbane Municipal Council and public subscriptions. The fountain incorporated local porphyry (Brisbane tuff), Murphys Creek sandstone, and imported granite and marble. Inscribed on the fountain were the names of the Aldermen in the 1879 Brisbane Town Council, the City Engineer, the Town Clerk, and William Webster, the sculptor.</p><br>
<p>The fountain popularly became known as the Mooney Memorial Fountain. This name arose through donations given at the time towards a memorial to James Mooney, a volunteer fireman who had lost his life while fighting a fire in Queen Street in March 1877. The official Mooney Memorial, however, was erected above Mooney&#39;s grave at Toowong Cemetery using funds raised publicly by his friends and fire-fighter colleagues.</p><br>
<p>When the Eagle Street fountain was restored in 1988, a special tablet was inscribed as a dedication to James Mooney and to other firemen who had lost their lives in the line of duty.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This highly decorative drinking fountain stands on a triangular piece of land at the junction of Queen and Eagle Streets. The foundation and steps are 3.9 m square and built of porphyry (Brisbane tuff). The base is 2.1 m square and built of granite from Mount Alexander in Victoria.</p><br>
<p>It has four corner columns on its granite base, with richly foliated capitals and raised pedestals, surmounted by four Gothic arches which support a foliated and ribbed spire. The spire, which was originally topped by an ornate finial, rises to 10 m above the ground. The portion between the columns and below the arches is of sandstone ashlar, and this is where the plaques are located. Three lions heads above ornate basins, all of white Sicilian marble are located between the base of the piers on three sides of the fountain. The water supply through the heads was regulated by a system easily accessible by the removal of a single stone.</p><br>
<p>Although the fountain originally dominated the Eagle Street corner, the scale of recent adjacent high-rise buildings has lessened its visual impact. However, a large fig nearby supports its present claim as a landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Street Fountain was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Street Fountain is significant as an excellent example of a Victorian era public monument and amenity of careful and ornate design and fine materials and workmanship.</p><br>
<p>Situated at the intersection of Queen and Eagle Streets, the Eagle Street Fountain is significant for its landmark value.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Street Fountain is significant for its association with James Mooney, a volunteer fireman who had lost his life while fighting a fire in Queen Street in March 1877.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Street Fig Trees is a heritage-listed group of trees at 118A Eagle Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. They were planted by Walter Hill. It is also known as Fig Tree Reserve and Plantation Reserve. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 May 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The small triangular reserve at the intersection of Eagle, Elizabeth and Creek Streets was granted to the (North) Brisbane Municipal Council by Queen Victoria, signed by the Governor of Queensland, Sir Henry Wylie Norman, on 16 May 1889.</p><br>
<p>It was gazetted on 17 May 1889 as, "745 Folio 210 101/11 perches... Reserve for Plantation, urinal etc. only and for no other purpose whatsoever... Rent: 1 peppercorn per year if demanded by the Queen Victoria and her heirs forever. Mineral Rights reserved by the Crown." The land could be resumed if these conditions were not observed.</p><br>
<p>Walter Hill planted the three fig trees located on the site. He was appointed Brisbane&#39;s first superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens in 1855 and remained a key figure in the management of the Gardens until 1881.</p><br>
<p>Public toilets were constructed on the reserve but were removed in the 1970s. The area has been paved and 19th Century reproduction light fittings have been installed, as well as facilities such as garbage containers and seats.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The reserve is a triangular island located at the intersection of Eagle, Elizabeth and Creek Streets. The site, consisting of a partially paved and landscaped area, is dominated by the huge fig trees that provide a striking visual effect in the business precinct of the Eagle Street area.</p><br>
<p>The reserve is planted with three fig trees, two White Figs (Ficus virens) and one Banyan Fig (Ficus benghalensis). The branches of the Banyan Figs are supported with prop roots that develop from the aerial roots that are produced to gather moisture from the atmosphere. The White Fig is taller than the Banyan and has pale green foliage which first appears as a shade of pink or bronze. This species is found occurring naturally in Queensland and throughout tropical Asia.</p><br>
<p>There are two interpretive bronze plaques located on site. The first of the bronze plaques is mounted on a small plinth and contains an engraved inscription. The inscription describes the natural features of the site as it was in 1889, the history of the site prior to 1889 and the role it played in the commercial activities of the area. The second plaque contains a map showing the course of the creek that originally flowed through the site.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Street Fig Trees was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 May 2004 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Street Fig Trees are important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history. The Fig Trees or "Plantation Reserve" is important because it survives as a remnant of the development of the area during the first half of the nineteenth century. Early photographs of the area show rows of horse and carts lined up to service the wharf area and adjacent warehouses. The area was established as a Reserve in the late 19th Century to provide an area for the carriers to rest and refresh themselves amidst an area of high activity.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>As a representative of a mid-Victorian era Reserve, the Eagle Street Fig Trees demonstrate rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage. Located in a busy trading precinct, the Eagle Street Fig Trees provided workmen with respite from the hectic wharf trading area. The Fig Trees have retained this function in their current setting.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Street Fig Trees have landmark value at the intersection of several major streets in Brisbane&#39;s central business district and provide shade and visual amenity.</p><br>
<h2>Plaques</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Street Fig Trees, Opening Plaque.jpgOpening Information</p><br>
<p>Eagle Street Fig Trees, Information Plaque.jpgCreek History</p><br>
<p>Eagle Street Fig Trees, Map Plaque.jpgMap of Creek Path</p><br>
<p>Transcontinental Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 462-468 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1883 to 1884. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Transcontinental Hotel was constructed in 1883-4. In 1879 Peter Murphy, wine and spirit merchant, leased premises in George Street from Francois Boudin. In 1881 he acquired the adjoining vacant land. On 28 August 1883 Peter Murphy, then publican and lessee of the Burgundy Hotel, businessman, financier of MacDonnell & East (1901) and Member of the Queensland Legislative Council (MLC, 1904-1922), announced by public notice in The Telegraph his intention to apply for a new publican&#39;s license and to build a new hotel on this site. Intended to accommodate passengers from the nearby railway, the Transcontinental Hotel was to comprise "16 bedrooms, 1 dining room, 1 luncheon room, 1 billiard room, 4 sitting rooms, 2 bathrooms, kitchen, store, pantry, cellar and outhouses".</p><br>
<p>On 22 September 1883 renowned architect Francis Drummond Greville (FDG) Stanley called tenders for the erection of a first class hotel for Peter Murphy. The new hotel, with a frontage of 74 feet and a depth of 40 feet, was four storeys high, one of which was below street level. The Brisbane Courier reported that the Transcontinental Hotel contained 27 bedrooms, seven public rooms, billiard room and a private bar. A sunshade of "ornamental design" was attached to the front and the two upper storeys had balconies four feet, six inches wide, with "ornamental iron columns, brackets, frieze and railings". The hotel offered comfortable accommodation, a first class table, with "all the delicacies of the season being provided". The bar trade was one of the largest in Brisbane, with only the best liquor carried.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s, George Street contained most of Brisbanes inner city first-class hotels, including the Bellevue Hotel (1886), Cosmopolitan (1887), Shakespeare (1887–88), Treasury Hotel (1887-88), Criterion, Imperial (1885-6), Lennons (1883-4), Grosvenor Hotel, New Crown (188?) and the Transcontinental (1883-4). Of these, the Treasury, Grosvenor and Transcontinental are the only three to have survived.</p><br>
<p>In 1906 new lessee Denis OConnor commissioned architect, George Henry Male Addison to design extensive alterations to the interior. At the opening ceremony of the new bar on 30 October 1906 the Transcontinental was declared to be "the most ornate and best equipped" hotel in Australia. In 1925 the hotel was further remodelled as part of Peter Murphys redevelopment plans for upper George Street as a commercial precinct. Murphy&#39;s business acumen was realised by 1926 when upper George Street was declared to be "one of the most flourishing business" sectors outside of Queen Street and Fortitude Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Murphy family owned the Transcontinental Hotel until 1935 when it was sold to Castlemaine Perkins. The McCoy family were licensees from the 1930s until the 1980s. In 1988 the hotel owners, Austotel, commissioned Hampton Interiors to restore the Transcontinental. The ornate cast iron balustrading which was removed in 1965, was reinstated and the original exterior colours were repainted.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This Victorian era hotel located near the intersection of George and Roma Streets features filigree cast iron lacework that has recently been reinstated onto the original cast iron verandah posts. It is of rendered brick construction with three storeys on the George Street facade and a fourth level basement. The basement walls are Brisbane Tuff stonework. The George Street facade has a post supported curved corrugated iron awning over the footpath, and balconies on the upper two levels. Eight pairs of French-lights open onto the balconies on each level. The first floor is emphasised by having a greater balcony height than the top floor. The topmost balcony has a curved corrugated iron roof hipped at the ends.</p><br>
<p>The building is crowned with a decorative parapet which includes the name "TRANSCONTINENTAL HOTEL" in raised lettering and a curved central parapet section bearing the date 1884 in a circular recess.</p><br>
<p>Although the building has been restored externally, its internal refurbishment, involving the removal of fittings and the creation of a large internal space, does not convey the impression of a Victorian Hotel. Its prominent location and the intact nature of its external Victorian detailing make this building a notable landmark in this area of Brisbane.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Transcontinental Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Built near Roma Street railway station, the Transcontinental Hotel is important in illustrating the important role of hotels in providing accommodation for Queensland travellers in the late 19th century. It also provides rare surviving evidence of the former importance of George Street as a late 19th century accommodation precinct.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Transcontinental is a typical example of an 1880s era boom era hotel in Brisbane&#39;s central business district, displaying filigree cast iron lacework and a post supported street awning.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It has aesthetic significance as a prominent part of the streetscape at the intersection of George and Roma Streets.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Transcontinental Hotel is significant for its strong association with Peter Murphy, Member of the Legislative Council, publican and George Street property speculator, from 1881 until 1925.</p><br>
<p>The Gerald Hotel is a former hotel building at 151-157 Main Street in the center of Fairfield, Maine. It was designed by William R. Miller for Amos F. Gerald, one of Maines leading businessmen of the late 19th century, and built in 1899-1900. It is a striking Renaissance Revival structure, with a sophistication of design and decoration not normally found in rural Maine, and is one of the towns largest buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gerald Hotel building is set on the west side of Main Street in the village center of Fairfield, a short way south of the junction of Maine State Route 100 and United States Route 201. The four story brick and terracotta building towers over nearby buildings, which range in height from one to three stories. The main facade is decorated with terracotta trim elements, and is divided into five sections: projecting polygonal corner bays and a central projecting bay flank flat sections. The central bay is supported by iron columns on the first floor, and rises to the fourth. It has rounded corners, with windows at the corners and the center, except for the ground level, where the projection shelters the recessed main entrance. The bay supports rest on a solid slab of granite that was reported to be the largest quarried in Maine at the time. This bay originally had an elaborate rooftop pavilion (visible in the 1905 postcard view); this was removed in the mid-20th century. The flanking flat bays each have paired windows on the upper level (each level having different decorative treatment), and plate glass windows at the ground level. The left corner bay has a carriage entrance at the ground level, with the projecting polygonal bay above. The rightmost bay has a plate glass window at the ground level.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was designed by Lewiston architect William R. Miller and built in 1899-1900 for Amos F. Gerald (1841-1913), one of Maines leading businessmen. Gerald was born in nearby Benton, and invested in a large number of businesses in Maine, including electric trolley systems in several areas, industrial mills, and amusement parks. He built the states first electrical power station in Fairfield, and promoted electrification across the state. The elaborate design of the Gerald Hotel was typical of Gerald&#39;s buildings, which were intended to be objects of curiosity. Gerald was a longtime Fairfield resident; his house, also a Miller design, is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Gerald Hotel operated for 35 years, with commercial businesses on the ground floor, and was a major gathering point for social and civic events. From an early date, one of the storefronts was occupied by Lawrie Furniture, which occupied the space until 1963 and was the major furniture retailer in the area. The upper floors were converted into apartments in the 1940s. The building is in 2015 undergoing rehabilitation.</p><br>
<p>The Higgins Barn is a historic English barn at 256 Oak Hill Road in Indian Point, a rural area in western Bar Harbor, Maine. It is estimated to have been built c. 1810 by Ichabod Higgins, and is one of the oldest structures in the area, dating to the first settlement period of Indian Point. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Higgins Barn is set on the west side of Oak Hill Road, about 325 ft from the roadway. The property also includes a c. 1830-40s Cape house, which has been extensively altered, a family cemetery, and several other outbuildings. The barn, 1-1/2 stories in height, measures 30 x, and is oriented with its front (located on a long side, as is typical for English barns) facing east. Constructed of hand-hewn timbers, it is set on a fieldstone foundation, and has a side-gable roof. The walls are sheathed in a variety of wood shingles, some of which are typical clipped and rounded shingles of the Late Victorian period. The main facade has an off-center double sliding door sheltered by a wide portico, with a window at the first floor level to one side and a second at loft height on the other. The upper southernmost part of the barn slightly overhangs an open area used for wood storage and a chicken yard; this is a later 19th-century alteration. The main access door on the west side, originally matching that on the east side, has been closed off and the space partly taken up by two windows. The interior has a typical English barn layout, with a central wide hall, with animal stalls to either side, with hay lofts above. The stalls on the left have been partly disassembled due to the installation of milking equipment.</p><br>
<p>Indian Point is located on the northwestern part of Mount Desert Island. Members of the Higgins family were among the first to settle the island in 1763, and Ichabod Higgins parents moved to the island from Cape Cod in 1778. A deed transferring 100 acre of land at Indian Point from John Barnard, one of the islands early owners, to Ichabod Higgins was recorded in May 1811. Higgins had by then died, but his estate was recorded to include a house and barn, indicating he had probably been on the land for some time. The land in this area remained in the hands of Higgins descendants and in agricultural use for many years, and the parcel including the house and barn was 40 acre in size in 1981, when it was subdivided for development.</p><br>
<p>The Oak Hill Mausoleum, now Oak Hill Chapel, is a historic religious and funerary building in Oak Hill Cemetery, the oldest cemetery in Siloam Springs, Arkansas. The massive granite Classical Revival structure was built in 1916 with funding raised by a local citizen group, and originally had a capacity of 72 burials. The building deteriorated in condition, and its burials were relocated elsewhere within the cemetery. It was rescued from demolition and restored for use as a chapel. The building is regionally distinctive, because northwestern Arkansas is not known for having mausoleums at all, and the heavy stonework and Classical Revival styling are also fairly rare in the area.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Isla San Lorenzo Sur, is an island in the Gulf of California east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Mexicali Municipality. Isla San Lorenzo Norte is located immediately northwest of Isla San Lorenzo Sur.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Isla San Lorenzo Sur has seven species of reptiles: Aspidoscelis cana (Isla Salsipuedes whiptail), Crotalus lorenzoensis (San Lorenzo Island diamond rattlesnake), Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha (coast night snake), Lampropeltis californiae (California kingsnake), Phyllodactylus nocticolus (peninsular leaf-toed gecko), Sauromalus hispidus (spiny chuckwalla), and Uta antiqua (San Lorenzo Islands side-blotched lizard). Of these, Crotalus lorenzoensis is endemic to the island—it is found nowhere else. It is abundant on the island.</p><br>
<p>The Munsungan-Chase Lake Thoroughfare Archeological District encompasses a series of important archaeological sites in a remote area of northern Maine, United States. These sites offer evidence of human habitation dating to not long after the retreat of the glaciers following the Wisconsin glaciation, with extensive stone tool workshops working with red chert found in abundance in the area. Stone tools made from sources in this region have been found at archaeological sites across New England. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Munsungan (or Munsungun) Lake and Chase Lake are located in far northern Piscataquis County, Maine, draining via Munsungan Stream and the Aroostook River into the Saint John River. The two lakes are connected to each other by a relatively short waterway called The Thoroughfare. In the area on either side of the lakes there are a series of rock outcrops containing a variety of chert that early human occupants found useful for the manufacture of stone tools. Although the lakes probably had a higher level then than they do now, a series of well-drained terraces on either side of The Thoroughfare were apparently favorable for the habitation.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological investigation of the larger region have identified more than 100 sites of interest. The Thoroughfare region includes seven areas where evidence habitation dating from the Ceramic period to the Paleoindian have been identified. One of the major sites in the district, the Fluted Point Site (survey number 154.14) covers more than 3,000 m&sup2, representing a large habitation and workshop area, while another, the Windy Point Site (survey number 154.16) is a much smaller workshop site. Both of these were excavated in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Munsungan Lake</h2><br>
<p>Native populations of togue and land-locked Atlantic salmon use the cold-water habitat of this deep lake. These large fish prey on rainbow smelt and squaretail spawning in tributaries Atkins Brook, Bluffer Brook, Cedar Brook, Chase Brook, Currier Brook, Munsungan Brook, Norway Brook, and Reed Brook.</p><br>
<p>The John Daniel Rather House  is a historic residence in Tuscumbia, Alabama. The house was built in 1823 by William H. and Catherine Winter, who came to The Shoals from Prince William County, Virginia. It was taken over by the Union Army during the Civil War and used as the headquarters of General Florence M. Cornyn. After the war, the house was purchased by John Taylor Rather, an early North Alabama settler who was deputy sheriff of Madison County, and a longtime member of the Alabama House of Representatives and later the Alabama Senate. His son, John Daniel Rather, also served in both houses of the state legislature, and was President of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The house is built in Federal style, and is two stories with chimneys in each gable end. The white-painted brick is laid in Flemish bond on the west and south sides that face Cave and 7th Streets. All windows are two-over-two sashes, and the main entrance is a double leaf door with moulded trim and a transom. An Eastlake porch was later added to the front and north façades. The porch features elaborate panels with floral designs, brackets with acorn pendants, and turned, spool-shaped posts. Two original mantels remain, one Adamesque and one Federal, while two replacement mantels are Classical Revival and Victorian.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1978 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Peralba  is a mountain of the Carnic Alps in Veneto, northeastern Italy, although its summit is only a few hundred metres from the Austrian border. It has a height of 2,694 m making it the second highest mountain of the Carnics, after Coglians. It lies on the main chain of the range, between the Austrian Lesachtal Valley in the north and the Italian Piave Valley in the south. The mountain resembles a huge cubic block of the stone, with a large summit plateau, and dominates the view from miles around.</p><br>
<h2>World War I</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was the sight of fierce fighting as part of the Italian Front. It was a strategically important peak due to its height and prominence over the surrounding area, and its summit plateau where fortifications could be built. Even today there are remnants from the Great War on the peak, such as caves and a fort.</p><br>
<p>Highseas is a historic early 20th-century summer estate in Bar Harbor, Maine. It is located on Schooner Head Road on the east side of Mount Desert Island, surrounded by the lands of Acadia National Park. Built in 1912, it is one of the few grand summer estates to survive the island&#39;s devastating 1947 fire. It is now owned by the Jackson Laboratory and used as housing for its workers. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Highseas is set on a bluff overlooking Frenchman Bay south of the main village of Bar Harbor. It is a massive Colonial Revival structure, 2-1/2 stories in height, built out of brick laid in tapestry bond, with a hip roof and a granite foundation; the brick was manufactured in Philadelphia. The roof is topped by a deck with railing, and is pierced by five brick chimneys and numerous dormers with gabled or hipped roofs. The building is roughly rectangular and its block is ten bays in width, with flanking wings of decreasing size. Most of the windows are sash, although the south wing is set up as a solarium with large casement windows. The main entrance is on the west side of the building, sheltered by a single-story portico with Ionic columns and a railing around its top. The entry area is flanked by projecting hip-roof sections. The east side of the building, facing the bay, has a single-story porch extending across the center six bays, supported by an Ionic colonnade.</p><br>
<p>Highseas was designed by local architect Fred Savage and built in 1912 for Rudolph Brunnow, a professor at Princeton University. He sold it in 1924 to Mrs. Eva Van Cortland Hawkes, a wealthy heiress and descendant of Gouverneur Morris. Her heirs donated the property to Jackson Laboratory, which has facilities nearby in Bar Harbor. The laboratory now uses the property as housing for summer students.</p><br>
<p>Kitak is an island in the Sermersooq municipality in southeastern Greenland.</p><br>
<p>In 1961 the German weather ship WBS 11 Hessen was renamed Kitak.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is located on the western side of the entrance of the Sermilik Fjord.</p><br>
<p>There is a sheltered bay in the NW side of Kitak that is reportedly a good anchorage for ocean-going vessels. The island is 10.2 km long with maximum width of 4.3 km.</p><br>
<p>Kitak is the largest and easternmost island of a compact cluster of coastal islands, islets and rocks extending for 14 km from the easternmost point of Kitak to the 51 m high islet of Igssalik in the west; 2.2 km long Orssuiagssuaq, where formerly a LORAN station was located, is the southernmost island. The archipelago is separated from the mainland by narrow sounds, one of which is named Ikasartik. The Suunikajik island cluster is located 4 km to the west.</p><br>
<p>The nearest inhabited settlement is Tasiilaq, the most populous community on the eastern coast and the seventh-largest town in Greenland, located on Ammassalik Island on the other side of the fjord about 40 km to the ENE.</p><br>
<p>Petalioi Πεταλιοί is an island complex in south-east of Euboea, in the homonymous gulf. It consists of 10 small islands and islets almost all uninhabited. The total area of the complex is 22.5 square kilometers. They belong to Karystos municipality, in Marmari municipal unit. The islands of the complex are: Megalonisos, Chersonisi, Avgo, Lamperousa, Louloudi, Makronisi, Pontikoniso, Praso, Tragos and Founti. The largest of them is Megalonisos. It has an area of 17 Km and is uninhabited. The most of them are private islands and belong to Greek shipowners.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Petalioi derives from the name of the largest island Megalonisos that was being named Petalios in antiquity. In modern times the islands were a property of Greek royal family. In 1915 or 1916, the prince George II sold the islands to Greek shipowner Maris Empeirikos.</p><br>
<p>Lichades or Lichadonisia  is an island complex north west of Euboea, in the North Euboean Gulf. The islands located opposite Lichada cape in the north-western extreme of Euboea and opposite of small town Kamena Vourla in Central Greece mainland. Administratively, they belong to Istiaia-Aidipsos municipality, in Euboea regional unit.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The complex consists of seven islands and islets. The biggest of them is Manolia and is the only that had residents in the past. The other six are Strongyli, Mikri Strongyli, Steno, Vagia, Vorias and Limani. The biggest island, Manolia has a beautiful beach and is visited by many tourists in the summer. In the past had a small settlement but nowadays is forsaken. Strongyli is the second largest island and on top has a big lighthouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lichades were formed after the huge earthquake of 426 B.C., when the land between them sank in the Euboean Sea. According to Greek mythology, their name comes from Lichas, the servant of Hercules who brought the poisoned shirt from Deianira to Hercules. Hercules hurled him to the sea and from his parts these small islands were formed.</p><br>
<p>The islands are one of the suggested locations for the Battle of the Echinades (322 BC), which ended Athenian thalassocracy.</p><br>
<p>Curran Hall, also known as the Walters-Curran-Bell House, is a historic house at 615 East Capitol Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It was built in 1842 for Colonel Ebenezer Walters. The single story house is built in the Greek Revival style with Doric pilasters at the entrance way. Two auxiliary buildings, constructed at about the same time as the main building, were moved and attached to the rear of the house in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant as one of the few remaining antebellum era landmarks in Little Rock. It served as the home of pre-Civil war Arkansas Supreme Court Justice George Watkins. Jacob Frolich purchased the home after the war, who would become a post-reconstruction Arkansas Secretary of State. Before that, however, Frolich, an opponent of the reconstruction Arkansas government and fearful of reprisals, fortified Curran Hall with trap doors and placed his livestock inside the house at night. Frolich was indicted for the murder of a reputed informant for the reconstruction government and fled to Canada, but later returned and was acquitted of the charge.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It was acquired by the City of Little Rock and the Little Rock Advertising and Promotion Commission in 1996, renovated, and opened as an information center in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Agua Negra Pass  is a pass over the Andes mountains which connects Argentina and Chile. The highest point of this pass is at 4,780 m AMSL.</p><br>
<h2>Agua Negra Tunnel</h2><br>
<p>To improve trade between Chile and Argentina, a 14 km, three-bore vehicular tunnel (two for traffic and one for ventilation) below the pass is planned, which will allow year-round traffic. (The pass is closed for much of the winter.)</p><br>
<p>In March 2015, Argentina officially approved the project. It is awaiting ratification from Chile.</p><br>
<p>Also planned for the deepest part of the tunnel is the Agua Negra Deep Experiment Site (ANDES): an underground laboratory. Because all currently operating deep underground laboratories are located in the Northern Hemisphere, a Southern Hemisphere site would have some unique benefits:</p><br>
<p>Combined with existing neutrino detectors, a longer baseline would allow more accurate localization of sources in neutrino astronomy, and</p><br>
<p>When searching for dark matter, there is expected to be a seasonal variation due to the Earth&#39;s motion around the Sun. But such a signal could also be an error, caused by some subtle seasonal effect. Confirmation from a location with opposite seasons would rule out such an error.</p><br>
<p>ANDES is not expected to be ready before 2027.</p><br>
<p>Harris Terrace is a heritage-listed terrace house at 68 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by J & G Cowlishaw and built from to by Mr Clarke. It is also known as Harris Court. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Harris Terrace is a two storey masonry building in George Street. Formerly a residential terrace of six houses, it was constructed in the mid-1860s for George Harris and was designed by architect James Cowlishaw.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1820s, the north bank and adjacent ridgeline of the Brisbane River, now containing William and George streets, has featured a concentration of government and associated activities and uses. Over the period of the Moreton Bay penal settlement, buildings were constructed along this ridgeline, utilised by government officials for "accommodation, administration and control". When the area was opened for free settlement in 1842, the remnant penal infrastructure was used by surveyors as a basis for the layout for the new town of Brisbane. Set at right angles to the river, the prisoners barracks determined Queen Street, while the line of buildings along the ridge determined William Street. Streets surveyed parallel to these streets, including George Street, formed Brisbanes rectangular grid.</p><br>
<p>While a range of buildings and activities occurred along George and William Streets and the north bank from the 1840s, the government maintained a dominant presence in the area. At some sites (such as the Commissariat Store and the City Botanic Gardens), earlier uses were continued. The establishment phase following the separation of Queensland in 1859 saw the new colonial government reserve land parcels and construct a range of buildings to facilitate its functions. The building of the first Government House and Parliament House at the eastern end of George Street in the 1860s firmly entrenched the physical reality of a government precinct in the area.</p><br>
<p>The location of Parliament House had a pronounced effect on the built environment around lower George Street. Many of Queensland&#39;s early politicians were pastoralists, a reflection of their economic dominance in the colony. Together with a growing workforce of public servants, these politicians required accommodation when in Brisbane. From the 1860s to the 1880s, a range of buildings, many built by, or for politicians, were constructed to address these needs.</p><br>
<p>Harris Terrace was erected as a speculative investment for George Harris. Harris (1831-1891) was born in London, migrated with his family to Sydney in 1833 and came to Brisbane in 1848 to work with his elder brother John. The partnership of John and George Harris, general merchants and shipping agents, was established in 1853, with the firm involved in importing goods and exporting wool and tallow. George Harris became a well-known business and society figure in Brisbane. Following Queensland&#39;s separation from New South Wales in 1859 he was appointed a member of the first Queensland Legislative Council, serving until August 1878.</p><br>
<p>The first half of the 1860s was a period of strong growth for Brisbane. Immigration boosted the population dramatically (more than doubling between 1861 and 1864 to over 12,000) and many substantial public and private buildings were constructed during this time. The permanent nature of the buildings was also partly influenced by provisions in the Municipalities Act 1864, which required brick or stone construction and non-flammable roofing material in designated first class building areas.</p><br>
<p>In 1865 Harris commissioned architect James Cowlishaw to design a terrace building of six self-contained residences on the south-west corner of George and Margaret streets. The property, originally surveyed as allotment 1 of section 9, had been previously owned by John Betts, a property speculator who bought the land at one of Brisbanes earliest land sales in Sydney in 1842. It is unclear if any improvements were made to the land prior to Harris purchasing the property in 1856. Cowlishaw, considered Brisbanes "first successful private architect" arrived in 1860 from Sydney and soon became highly regarded and in demand. Prior to designing the terrace, Cowlishaw undertook other design work for Harris and his firm, including improvements to J&G Harris&#39; wharf and stores at nearby Short Street, a new Ipswich warehouse, and repairs and additions to his then residence, Newstead House. In 1861 Cowlishaw also designed a terrace building on the opposite corner of George and Margaret Streets for another politician, Arthur Hodgson.</p><br>
<p>Terrace houses were an urban residential building type that came to Australia from England in the early nineteenth century. Essentially narrow fronted adjoining houses, terraces were built as dwellings for people across the classes, as was reflected in their respective forms, scales, materials and settings. While fairly common in mid-to-late 19th century suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne, terraces were always fewer in number in Brisbane. Those that were constructed were largely in the centre of Brisbane, or in nearby residential areas like Spring Hill and Petrie Terrace.</p><br>
<p>The Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act 1885, introduced to avoid "slum" conditions in areas of medium density dwellings, effectively limited the construction of terraces in Queensland. The limit of a minimum size of 16 perches (405 m) for allotment subdivisions firmly established the detached house as the standard dwelling. While some terrace houses were built by property speculators as rentals in Brisbane after 1885 (most notably The Mansions ), these dwellings could not be sold individually. Other than Harris Terrace, only two other terrace houses constructed in the 1860s, Athol Place, Spring Hill and Princess Row, Petrie Terrace, survive in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Cowlishaw first advertised for whole or separate tenders for the construction of Harris Terrace, described as "six first class houses", in July 1865. He readvertised in February 1866, again requesting the erection of the six houses "at the risk of the former contractor". When the building was completed, a Mr Clarke was identified as the contractor, with the cost of construction £8000. The building was advertised in December 1866 as ready for occupation from 1 January 1867. Shortly after, the building was described as, "...substantially built, possessing an imposing exterior presence, and the interior arrangements contain all the requisites of a well-finished dwelling house of the mother-country, combined with the protection required by a warm climate...".</p><br>
<p>When completed, Harris Terrace was a two-storey brick building with an attic level in the roof space. In each of the six houses, the ground floor contained drawing and living rooms, with bedrooms on the first floor and in the attic. To the rear, two storey outbuildings housed the kitchen, bathroom and maid&#39;s room. A slate roof with dormer windows were partly concealed by a balustraded parapet, inscribed with "Harris Terrace 1866" at its centre. A cast iron balustrade and full length venetian blinds featured on the upper balcony.</p><br>
<p>Early tenants of Harris Terrace who were parliamentary politicians included Joshua Bell, William Yaldwyn and Kevin O&#39;Doherty. Other early tenants, Mrs Unsworth (no. 5) and Mrs and Miss de Villers (no. 3) ran girls schools in 1867, with the latter offering rooms for boarders. By mid-1868 Harris Terrace was promoted as having "already acquired the reputation of being the best private residences in the city". Along with politicians, medical professionals and senior public servants also numbered among early residents. The houses were individually numbered and some were given their own name.</p><br>
<p>Following insolvency in 1876, George Harris surrendered Harris Terrace to mortgagee James Taylor, a Darling Downs landholder and politician. In 1887 the property was acquired by two other members of Parliament, Boyd Morehead and William Pattison who both lived at Harris Terrace at this time. The following year Morehead and Pattison, with another politician John Stevenson, commissioned the building of The Mansions - Brisbane&#39;s most elaborate terrace house, adjacent to Harris Terrace on the opposite corner of George and Margaret streets.</p><br>
<p>The use of the houses in Harris Terrace for accommodation continued into the first decades of the twentieth century. From the mid-1880s some of the individual houses became boarding houses. By the 1920s all of the houses contained in Harris Terrace were being utilised for boarding, often called "residential chambers". In 1922 Frank, Jessie and Ethel Lingley bought the building and changed the name to "Harris Court". The Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act was repealed in 1923 and from this time individual titles were created for houses at Harris Court. The Lingleys retained the house on the Margaret Street corner adapting it into a cafe and building an extension to the footpath. The Royal Queensland Art Society acquired one of the houses in 1924. House no. 5 (fifth from the Margaret Street corner) had by the 1940s been altered with a two storey extension to the George street alignment, with an awning over the footpath.</p><br>
<p>The immediate post-war years of the late 1940s saw the Queensland Government expand their activities considerably in Brisbane City. Most public servants were then located in the Treasury Building and Executive Building (later the Land Administration Building) in George Street and in offices in the Anzac Square Building. The shortage of office accommodation in the centre of Brisbane, and the need to address future requirements, led to a phase of governmental property acquisition in the city. The purchase of properties on George and William Streets between the Queensland Government Printing Office and Parliament House was a key focus, in addition to other acquisitions on Charlotte, Mary and Margaret streets. Harris Court was purchased around this time. Despite their varying condition and former uses, the shortage of office space saw many of these newly acquired buildings quickly adapted for government use.</p><br>
<p>Because Harris Court was bought with the existing leases, it was not until the mid-1950s that the last tenants left the building. In 1958, architect John Hitch, in association with architects from the Department of Public Works, prepared plans to adapt Harris Court for government use. The original service wings and outbuildings to the rear were demolished and a new steel framed, sawtooth annexe, connected to the earlier structure was constructed, containing open plan office spaces.</p><br>
<p>Major alterations occurred to the original building in 1960-61, including the removal of the upper balconies and ground floor verandahs, construction of an enclosure on the street alignment linking the houses, and the replacement of the front doors of four of the six houses by windows, leaving entrances at either end of the building. Original windows were removed or replaced, barrel vaulted dormers replaced with gabled dormers, and chimney and fireplace openings were bricked in. The interiors of Harris Court were also substantially altered. Three of the original six staircases were removed, and whole walls and sections of party walls were removed for full length corridors on both floor levels. A range of government offices were accommodated in the old building and annexe following the completion of works.</p><br>
<p>The consolidation of government ownership and usage along George and William streets led to the state investigating a number of schemes to further the development of a "government precinct". By 1965, a masterplan had been developed involving the demolition of all buildings between the old Executive Building and Parliament House, to enable the construction of three 15-storey office buildings in a "plaza setting". The present day Executive Building was completed in 1971 as part of this plan. By the early 1970s this plan for the precinct was considered no longer suitable and a number of other proposals for the area were explored.</p><br>
<p>A 1974 "George Street Masterplan" involved lower rise buildings spread out over greater areas, some retention of existing buildings and the demolition of the Bellevue Hotel (opposite Parliament House) and adjacent The Mansions. A major influence in ultimately shaping the layout of the area during the 1970s was the growing community support for the retention of older buildings within the government precinct, especially the Bellevue Hotel and The Mansions. Spearheaded by the National Trust, the government-related associations and links between buildings, their architectural qualities, and aesthetic contributions to the area were highlighted in submissions to the government and in the public sphere. The unannounced June 1974 removal of the balconies of the Belle Vue Hotel was a deliberate action by the Queensland Government to degrade the visual appearance of the area, and drew further attention to the conservation cause.</p><br>
<p>In April 1979 Cabinet adopted a recommendation for a schedule of demolition work to progress the development of the government precinct. The Bellevue Hotel was to be demolished, but The Mansions and the original section of Harris Court were to be retained, renovated and adapted. On 21 April, three days after this decision, the Bellevue Hotel was demolished in the early hours of the morning, a notorious event in the history of heritage conservation in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Harris Court (together with The Mansions) was retained in the forecourt of the State Works Centre (80 George Street), a seven level building on two George Street blocks (bridged across Margaret Street) completed in 1985. As part of this project, renovations and major reconstructions were undertaken at Harris Terrace involving architects from the Department of Public Works in association with Conrad and Gargett Architects. Work included the reconstruction of the ground floor verandah and upper floor balcony; new iron columns and balustrade on the balcony similar to the originals; a new slate roof, reinstatement of front entrance doors (not all operable) and vaulted dormers (made larger than the originals at the rear); installation of new doors, windows, architraves and skirtings of earlier forms and profiles; and new moulded ceilings on the ground and first floors. It was at this time the building reverted to its original name of "Harris Terrace".</p><br>
<p>Since this time only minor alterations have occurred. In 2012 Harris Terrace provides offices spaces for a number of community organisations.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Harris Terrace is a row of six, brick, two storeyed attached former houses, located on the corner of George and Margaret streets within the government precinct.</p><br>
<p>The street facade features a double-storeyed verandah with cast iron balusters and posts. The verandah is separated into six sections reflecting the original six houses. Each section has three French doors on the first floor, and two sash windows and the front door on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The parapet incorporates a central plaque with the name of the building and date of construction. The tiled gable roof features six chimneys and dormers with barrel shaped roofs and the bull nose verandah roof is corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>The rear elevation includes four short double-storeyed wings which form shallow courtyards. The first floor windows in the wings have round arches while the rear windows of the main building are flat arched. The roof dormers have barrel vaults and the wings are gabled.</p><br>
<p>The interior consists of modern offices opening onto a central hallway which runs the length of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Harris Terrace was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Harris Terrace, constructed as a row of six houses in 1865-66, is important in demonstrating the evolution of residential housing in Queensland. A rare example of 1860s terrace housing, the building illustrates the early use of this housing type in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Harris Terrace is important in demonstrating the early residential nature of lower George Street, a pattern that largely occurred in response to the concentration of government and associated activities in this area of inner Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>As one of only three remaining 1860s terrace house buildings, Harris Terrace is important as a rare example of this type in Queensland. Beyond its rarity as terrace housing, Harris Terrace is one of few remaining 1860s buildings in Brisbane City.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Harris Terrace has potential to contribute to a greater understanding of Queensland&#39;s history. The area immediately behind the building may contain archaeological evidence including the foundations of the service wings and 1960s building additions. Artefacts within this area may include those commonly associated with domestic habitation such as glass, ceramics and bone, and some artefacts associated with commercial and office activity during the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>In its dignified front elevation, form and scale, Harris Terrace is an important element of lower George Street, a streetscape dominated by late nineteenth century buildings. More widely, the building makes an important contribution to the government precinct that exists between George Street and the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>Family Services Building is a heritage-listed office building at 171 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Gerald Hutton and built from 1914 to 1922. It is also known as former Administration Building, Queensland Government Insurance Building, and Queensland Government Savings Bank. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brisbane&#39;s first high-rise government office building was constructed between 1914 and 1922. It was intended partly as general public offices, but more importantly as state headquarters for the enormously successful Queensland Government Savings Bank, established in 1864.</p><br>
<p>Bank headquarters had occupied a purpose-designed banking chamber and offices in the second wing of the Treasury Building from early 1893. By 1912 these premises were no longer adequate. In consequence, the Queensland Government decided to construct a separate and substantial building on the opposite corner of George and Elizabeth Streets, as new bank headquarters.</p><br>
<p>George Gerald Hutton, assistant architect in the Queensland Government Architect&#39;s office from 1913–22, is credited with the design.</p><br>
<p>It is likely Hutton also designed the sculpture, representing commerce and industry, on the George Street elevation. This and the royal coat of arms on the George-Elizabeth Street corner were carved in 1920 by Sydney sculptor William Priestly MacIntosh, who had carved an allegorical sculpture for the former Executive Building (later the Land Administration Building) in 1903-04. The shields of the parapet were carved by local masons under MacIntosh&#39;s supervision.</p><br>
<p>Site excavation and the concrete foundations were completed in 1913-14, at a cost of £6,149. In 1914 the contract for the superstructure was let for £113,567, and construction commenced that year. A shortage of structural steel prolonged the work, and completion took close to eight years.</p><br>
<p>Before the building was finished, the Queensland Labor Government transferred the business and assets of the state bank to the Commonwealth Bank, on 8 December 1920. The nearly completed, purpose-designed Queensland state bank headquarters building was then fitted out for the Queensland Government Insurance Office.</p><br>
<p>By 1921 the offices had been renamed the Queensland Government Insurance Building. It was completed and fully occupied by mid-1922, with the State Government Insurance Office (SGIO) occupying the basement, ground, and first to third floors. Other first occupants included the State Land Tax Office, the State Industrial Arbitration Court, the Public Service Commissioner, the Public Curator and the Main Roads Board. Most of these had removed from cramped quarters in the Treasury Building opposite. Accommodated on the roof was the State Time Station&#39;s observing room.</p><br>
<p>From 1925-26 Queenslands first official radio broadcaster, the Queensland Radio Service and station 4QG (Queensland Government), which had been established in July 1925, were located in rooms on the roof of the Queensland Government Insurance Building. This necessitated the installation of large aerials on the roof, which were not removed until after 1945. Both 4QG and the Postmaster Generals radio station broadcast from the building during the 1930s. From 1930 to 1932, 4QG was part of Australias first national radio network, the privately owned Australian Broadcasting Company Ltd. In mid-1932 the licence was transferred to the federal governments newly created Australian Broadcasting Commission.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 the SGIO removed to other premises and the building was occupied principally by the Land and Income Tax Department. Despite income tax being transferred to federal control c.1943, the office block was known as the Taxation Building until 1962.</p><br>
<p>In 1947 the original lift and concrete staircase in the George Street vestibule were removed, and replaced with a pair of lifts.</p><br>
<p>In 1962 the building was occupied by the Co-ordinator-General&#39;s Department and renamed the Administration Building. With the new tenancy, the George Street vestibule was refitted and the original lift in the Elizabeth Street vestibule was replaced.</p><br>
<p>From 1963 to 1984 the Health Department was a principal occupant of the Administration Building. Since 1988 the building has been occupied by Family Services, and takes its name from this department.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 the Elizabeth Street vestibule was partly refurbished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building situated at the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets consists of eight storeys, a basement and rooms on the roof level. The structure, a concrete encased steel frame with brick infill and reinforced concrete floors, is faced on the two street facades with Helidon sandstone sitting on a granite base. The northeast and southeast elevations are constructed of brick with reinforced concrete heads and sills.</p><br>
<p>The building which overlooks Queens Gardens to the southwest forms part of the group of important government buildings, including the Lands Administration Building, the Treasury Building and the Old State Library, which surround the park.</p><br>
<p>The Elizabeth and George Street facades are divided vertically, by projecting stone cornices, into three parts. These are a podium level consisting of the double height ground floor and the first level of offices, a five storeyed middle section and the top floor of the building surmounted by a parapet wall. At the corners of the street elevations pavilions, distinguished by banded rustication, extend from the ground floor to the parapet. The podium level is also marked by banded rustication. In the centre of the George Street elevation on the podium level is an arched open-bed semicircular pediment supporting a sculpture group that consists of two figures on either side of a shield. The division between the middle and top section of the George Street elevation is embellished by an open-topped semicircular pediment. Steel windows frames and sashes are used throughout the building. Pavement lights are located adjacent to the arched basement windows of the Elizabeth Street elevation.</p><br>
<p>Public entrances are located on the ground floor of the three corner pavilions. The entrance on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets leads into the former banking chamber. The George Street entrance and the Elizabeth Street entrance give access to the office levels.</p><br>
<p>The Elizabeth street entry opens onto a vestibule which has walls and columns finished in pink, grey and black marble arranged in rectilinear patterns, marble steps, a terrazzo floor and an enriched plaster ceiling, cornice and frieze. The lift enclosure has been paint finished to match the marble walls. The doors leading to the banking chamber have been replaced by a fire door. A fire door at the rear of the vestibule leads to a large square planned reinforced concrete staircase with an ornamental wrought iron balustrade and cedar handrail. The walls above the staircase are lined to dado height with large glazed green tiles. The stairwell, illuminated by a large roof lantern and arched windows, has been converted to a fire isolated exit separated from the office space. A smaller staircase, with similar but less ornate details, is located in the eastern corner of the building and opens onto the banking chamber.</p><br>
<p>The George Street entry vestibule, once identical to the Elizabeth Street vestibule, is fitted with varnished maple panelling, a suspended vermiculite ceiling and two lifts. Original glass and timber doors between the vestibule and the banking chamber are all that remain of the original fittings.</p><br>
<p>Two arched stone doorways on the George and Elizabeth Streets corner lead to a mosaic tiled vestibule with a domed plaster ceiling and a timber panelled screen wall enriched with carving and pilasters. Built into the screen are two sets of timber and glass double doors that open onto the former banking chamber. This grand double height room is now obscured by two levels of offices that have been built into the space. The lower section of the walls is lined with carved timber panelling while the rendered upper section is embellished with delicate plaster detailing. Ionic columns and pilasters support a richly ornamented plaster ceiling.</p><br>
<p>All the office floors, from the first floor to the top floor, are similar. An open plan with large columns is divided by modern office partitioning and suspended ceilings conceal the original ceilings. Heavily reinforced concrete strong rooms and safes are located in the basement with smaller strong rooms on each floor. The lightwell, on the southeast side of the building, contains steel fire escape stairs and steel and concrete walkways. A brick and concrete extension accessed from the walkway has been built into the lightwell and the large windows to the banking chamber and offices have been bricked in. Former photographic rooms, the staircase lantern, toilets, stores, elevator and plant enclosures, are located on the flat roof of the building.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building is intact. The interior while apparently much altered retains many original features, both visible and obscured.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Family Services Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Family Services Building is significant as Queensland&#39;s first government high-rise office block, and the most important building constructed by the Queensland government in the second decade of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Family Services Building is significant as an integral member of the most prominent, important and cohesive group of government buildings in Queensland. Further, the Family Services Building is significant for its townscape contribution, particularly in relation to the adjacent historic buildings and sites.</p><br>
<p>Significant as an early use of steel-framed high-rise construction in Queensland, the Family Services Building is also an accomplished building in design, materials and workmanship, which exhibits particularly fine and inventive detailing, and is important for the aesthetic quality of the sculptural work.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>Significant as an early use of steel-framed high-rise construction in Queensland, the Family Services Building is also an accomplished building in design, materials and workmanship, which exhibits particularly fine and inventive detailing, and is important for the aesthetic quality of the sculptural work.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Family Services Building is significant as the major work of later Queensland government architect GG Hutton and for its association with government administration for over seven decades.</p><br>
<p>The Cornelius Flagg Farmstead is a historic farm located on Tipton School Road in Sherman, Illinois. Cornelius Flagg, a farmer and lumber businessman from Ohio, established the farm in the 1870s. The farmhouse, the farms main building, is a two-story brick Italianate building. The house has an asymmetrical pattern with hip roofs over each component. Several of its key Italianate features are not original; the wraparound front porch was replaced in 1930, and its bracketed cornice was reconstructed in the 1940s after tornadoes damaged the roof. The farms brick barn is unusually well-crafted for a barn built during the period, a sign of Flagg&#39;s wealth. Other buildings on the farm include a machinery shed, a smaller and older farmhouse, a privy, and an ice house.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 3, 1993.</p><br>
<p>Treasury Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 175 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hall & Son and built from 1887 to 1888 by Abraham James. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 November 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Treasury Hotel was built in 1887-88, replacing an earlier hotel, the Dunmore Arms (1865).</p><br>
<p>In 1885 James Hunter took a 25-year lease from William Cribb on several adjoining allotments on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets from William Cribb.</p><br>
<p>Hunter planned a major commercial development on the site, and in 1886 erected office buildings with Treasury Chambers fronting George St and Francis House on Elizabeth Street (Hunters Buildings). The choice of location was astute, for the new Treasury Building opposite was being erected and enhanced the prestige of the area. Financial problems prevented Hunter from completing the project and in 1887 he sub-let the Dunmore Arms site to well-known Brisbane publican, Denis O&#39;Connor.</p><br>
<p>OConnor engaged architects John Hall & Son to design a new hotel for the site. The contractor was Abraham James and the contract sum £3,999. Borrowing its name from the partially finished new government offices opposite, the hotel offered "tastefully furnished and decorated" accommodation to "Families and Commercial Gentlemen". In May 1889 OConnor transferred his sub-lease to George Back Cutbush who remained the lessee until 1910. In 1906 William Cribb donated both allotments 18 & 19 to the YMCA in return for an annuity of £400.</p><br>
<p>Over the next few years the YMCA sold most of this property and the new owner of the Treasury Hotel in 1908 was William Denis OConnor. The hotel remained linked with the OConnor family till the late 1950s.</p><br>
<p>During the late 1880s the Treasury Hotel was one of a large number of hotels in the city. In 1889 there were 9 hotels in George Street. The Treasury Hotel and the Transcontinental Hotel are the only George Street buildings from this period that remain in use as hotels.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the hotel is trading under the name "Irish Murphy&#39;s".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Treasury Hotel, located on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets, is a three storey building with basement. It contains classical detailing, as do other nearby prominent buildings including the Treasury Building) and Treasury Chambers (Hunters Buildings).</p><br>
<p>Typical of many hotels, it is located on a corner site and has a truncated corner that originally contained the entry. The hotel was originally L-shaped and an arched carriageway in George Street gave access to the rear of the building. This rear courtyard has been built in and is now part of the hotel.</p><br>
<p>On the main facades, there is a decorative string course above the first floor verandah roof. The windows on the second floor have moulded bracketed sills and decorative pediments. Above this are regularly spaced paired brackets supporting a cornice, surmounted by a parapet. Pedestals carrying urns divide the parapet into sections, some of which contain balustrading, while others are solid with the title "TREASURY HOTEL" in raised lettering. On the centre of the parapet of the Elizabeth Street facade is a pediment. A similar pediment crowns the corner and has a flagpole located behind it.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor below a street awning has been modified and covered in modern brickwork. The upper two storeys retain much of the original detail, but some of this is obscured by modern sun hoods and an altered first-floor verandah which has raked posts. Some herring-bone strutting is situated between the joists of the structure spanning the laneway off George Street beside the building. Internally, none of the original detailing remains as a result of the building being thoroughly renovated in the late 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Treasury Hotel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 November 1993 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Treasury Hotel is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, in particular the evolution of hotels in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Treasury Hotel demonstrates the principal characteristics of a nineteenth century inner city hotel.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Treasury Hotel exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, including its prominence on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets and its position as part of a group of buildings of complementary scale and fine detail that address Queens Park.</p><br>
<p>Hunters Buildings is a heritage-listed group of commercial buildings at 179 - 191 George Street , Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The individual buildings are Treasury Chambers, St Francis House, and Symons Building. They were designed by Richard Gailey and built in 1886 by George Gazzard. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Three buildings, Treasury Chambers & St Francis House & Symons Building, were built in 1886 as prestige office accommodation and shops. Their construction reflected the atmosphere of prosperity and optimism generated in Queensland with the 1880s growth in real estate, construction and mining sectors. In 1885 James Hunter, boot manufacturer and property developer, took a 25-year lease from William Cribb on several adjoining allotments on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets. Hunter anticipated the need for fashionable office accommodation close to the new government offices (Treasury Building) then under construction. He planned to erect, in two stages, a large L-shaped complex fronting George and Elizabeth Streets with accommodation for shops and offices.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Richard Gailey and the contractor was George Gazzard. The first stage of the "Hunters Building" project, with frontages to George and Elizabeth Streets, was completed in 1886 for an estimated cost of £10,000. Financial problems prevented Hunter proceeding with the second stage - a corner section linking the George and Elizabeth Street buildings. In 1887 Hunter sub-let part of his lease to Denis O&#39;Connor who built the Treasury Hotel on the corner site. In 1900 Hunter was declared bankrupt.</p><br>
<p>Despite the "gap" between the Elizabeth Street section (St Francis House and Symons Building) and the George Street section (Treasury Chambers), the Hunter&#39;s Buildings was regarded as a unit. Newspaper reports indicate that a balcony connected all upper floor offices and this is consistent with the official address given for the upper floor tenants of the Elizabeth Street buildings as 183 George Street - this practice continued until 1923. The location and architectural distinction of the building attracted notable tenants. For the first two years various government departments were housed there until the William Street section of the Treasury Building was completed in 1889.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, William Cribb donated the property to the YMCA which subsequently subdivided and sold most of the land by 1910.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the George Street land was subdivided again and by the end of the decade various parts of the site were held on separate titles. Prominent long-term tenants were A P Greenfield & Co and Whitehouse Pianos. Their fellow-occupants included societies, workers in the professions and the skilled clothing trades and teachers of the arts.</p><br>
<p>The Elizabeth Street buildings remained under one title (owned by the Caledonian Society) until 1949 when the present St Francis House was bought by the Order of Capuchin Franciscan Fathers. The fathers conducted masses and social events in their building until about 1970. A fire at the Caledonian Society rooms in 1948 destroyed the society&#39;s records and may have prompted the major changes to the facade of the present Symons Building. In 1960 the Caledonian Society moved to Kangaroo Point selling their Elizabeth Street building to the Symons family who renamed the building and used it as a suit factory for almost thirty years.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 the back extension of the Symons Building became the home of Charles Lisner&#39;s Academy Theatre, and later the first home of the Queensland Ballet Company. This artistic focus was accompanied by commercial and light industrial use of the Elizabeth Street buildings, during which period the interiors were altered substantially.</p><br>
<p>In 1993 most of St Francis House & Symons Building were demolished, but the Elizabeth Street facades remain.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Treasury Chambers, located in George Street opposite the Treasury Building, is a three storeyed rendered brick office building. Like the Treasury Building and the adjacent Treasury Hotel, the facade features classical detailing.</p><br>
<p>The facade contains a narrow entry bay with a raised pediment and an oriel window and eight three-storeyed bays. Individual bays are marked by pilasters which rise through both upper levels and culminate in moulded capitals. The line of each pilaster is carried through to roof level by a projected section of cornice topped by a block in the parapet and a pedestal and ball above the parapet line. Each bay contains three window openings flanked by small pilasters with acanthus leaf capitals. A broad string course decorated with a row of rosettes separates the square-headed windows of the first floor from those on the upper level. These are arched and their keystones extend to a cornice embellished with brackets and a row of dentils. The balustraded parapet is pierced by arcaded openings.</p><br>
<p>Pediments mark the end bay and the proposed central entry. The entry bay is further differentiated from the other bays by an oriel window which extends from the first floor and culminates in a balcony at the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor facades have been altered to provide aluminium framed shop fronts. The suspended awning replaced a curved awning which had a barrel vault emphasising the entry.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floors to all the tenancies and most upper floors, have been altered. Some upper levels contain original fabric, including pressed metal ceilings.</p><br>
<p>St Francis House and Symons Building, with frontages to Elizabeth Street, were a continuation of Treasury Chambers.</p><br>
<p>The facade of the northern end of the Elizabeth Street section, the Symons Building, has been rebuilt with unadorned reinforced concrete facade with metal windows. The facade of the southern section, St Francis House, consists of two bays which have been altered at the ground floor. Above this the two bays are differentiated by double height pilasters. Each bay contains three window openings on each level, those on the first floor level are square headed and those on the upper level arched. The facade is decorated with moulded plaster details including small pilasters with acanthus leaf capitals, rosettes, keystones, brackets, cornice and balustraded parapet.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Hunters Buildings were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The buildings, erected in the mid-1880s as a commercial investment, is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being material evidence of the optimism generated by the economic prosperity of the era.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Importantly, the place demonstrates the principal characteristics of an 1880s prestige office building in Queensland, and the commercial work of acclaimed Brisbane architect Richard Gailey.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The buildings also exhibits aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular its contribution to the George Street streetscape as part of a group of buildings of complementary scale and fine detail in this section of George Street between Queen and Elizabeth Streets, and its contribution to the Elizabeth Street streetscape through its scale and detailing.</p><br>
<p>The First World War Honour Board is a heritage-listed memorial at the Lands Administration Building, 142 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Alexander Robertson McKellar and built in 1917 by George Varley Boyce. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First World War Honour Board was erected by employees of the Queensland Lands Department in 1917, as a tribute to fellow staff on active service.</p><br>
<p>The overall design was created by Alexander Robertson McKellar, a draftsman in the lithographic branch of the survey section. The affixed metal plaque was designed by Arnold Vivan Thomas, the officer in charge of the lithographic branch. Manufacture was carried out at the Queensland Government railway workshops at Ipswich, and the wood carving was crafted by noted local wood carver George Varley Boyce, who taught carving at Brisbane technical schools from c.1902 to 1916.</p><br>
<p>The honour board was unveiled by the then Governor of Queensland, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams, on 2 May 1917.</p><br>
<p>It remains a focus for Anzac Day commemoration, with wreaths being laid before the honour board each April 25. The board was restored by the Lands Department in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The honour board is affixed to the wall of the main corridor on the first floor of the Lands Administration Building in Brisbane, immediately opposite the George Street elevator.</p><br>
<p>It is a large honour board, 2 metres high by 2.5 metres wide, constructed of Queensland silky oak. A central panel of red bean bears the Queensland coat of arms and the gold-painted names of 94 departmental staff and authorised surveyors who served in the First World War. The surrounds are carved in a stippled pattern with lotus plants (an ancient symbol of sleep) in relief in the lower section. The latter rarely appear on Queensland war memorials.</p><br>
<p>Within a rich moulding of laurel leaves in the upper left hand corner is an oval-shaped metal plaque depicting in bas relief a cavalry charge and infantry soldiers advancing in battle, intended to illustrate the different fighting units in action. A carved scroll unfolds from the plaque and bears the relief lettering Roll of Honour.</p><br>
<p>The whole board is set into a simple frame.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>First World War Honour Board was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As a unique record in Queensland of participation and sacrifice in the First World War.</p><br>
<p>For its material richness, fine craftsmanship and unique design amongst Queensland war memorials.</p><br>
<p>As the only identified public work of local Brisbane wood carver George Varley Boyce.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>As a unique record in Queensland of participation and sacrifice in the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>For its material richness, fine craftsmanship and unique design amongst Queensland war memorials.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>For its material richness, fine craftsmanship and unique design amongst Queensland war memorials.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As the only identified public work of local Brisbane wood carver George Varley Boyce.</p><br>
<p>McDonnell & East Ltd Building is a heritage-listed former department store at 414 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Thomas Ramsay Hall and built from 1912 to 1928 by Andrew Gillespie. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 December 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This three-storeyed brick department store building was erected in several stages between 1912 and 1963, for the Brisbane firm of McDonnell & East Ltd.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, Irishmen Frank McDonnell and Hubert East emigrated to Brisbane, where they were employed in the drapery trade. From 1889, McDonnell was closely connected with the movement for the early closing of shops. He entered Queensland Legislative Assembly in 1896 as the Labour member for Fortitude Valley, and largely due to his efforts, early closing was introduced in 1900.</p><br>
<p>In October 1901, the firm of McDonnell & East Ltd was established and, with the financial backing of businessman and publican Peter Murphy, owner of the Transcontinental Hotel, the firm purchased John Reid&#39;s drapery business, and the lease of the premises, at 402-408 George Street.</p><br>
<p>Within six years McDonnell & East Ltd was well established as a firm of importers, cash drapers, tailors, outfitters, dressmakers and milliners. About 1908, Jack McDonnell and Fraser and Harry East, sons of the founders, entered the firm.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, McDonnell & East Ltd acquired the adjoining George Street allotments to the corner of Tank Street, and in October 1911 Brisbane architect Thomas Ramsay Hall called tenders for a new brick building. The contract was let to Andrew Gillespie with a price of £10,734, which included electrical fittings, counter, fixtures and passenger lift. Construction began in January 1912, and the new building, advertised as the White Store, was occupied in April 1913. The company continued to lease the original building.</p><br>
<p>Following the success of the White Store, which doubled profits within a year, the company purchased a contiguous block in Tank Street, behind the new showrooms, in 1913. In mid-1914 TR Hall again called tenders for a store for McDonnell & East Ltd, and the contract was let to New Farm builder Mark Doggett, with a price of £1,310. This building was completed late in 1914, but it is not clear whether it remains as part of the present complex.</p><br>
<p>The business flourished, assisted by the re-location of the Brisbane Markets to Roma Street in 1915, and the proximity of the tram stops in George Street and the Roma Street railway station, which brought custom. McDonnell & East Ltd became a public company in 1920.</p><br>
<p>Between and 1921, McDonnell & East Ltd acquired another three adjacent sites: a property in Turbot Street; the allotment occupied by the original George Street store; and a laneway running in from Tank Street, which was closed in exchange for the company&#39;s creating a laneway in from Turbot Street.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1920s, architects Thomas Ramsay Hall and George Gray Prentice designed substantial three-storeyed extensions for these sites. The work was carried out by contractor Francis Joseph Corbett, who started in late 1925 and finished in March 1928. The original leased premises, fronting George Street, were demolished and replaced with a three-storeyed extension of the 1912 building. A separate but adjoining three-storeyed building was erected on the Tank Street sites. The extensions conformed with the 1912 street elevations, and featured the latest fittings, elevators and modern conveniences. At the same time, new shop fronts were installed in the corner building by contractors Robertson & Corbett. The founders of the firm just lived to see the extensions completed: Hubert East died in May 1928, and Frank McDonnell followed him six months later. Fraser East and Jack McDonnell took over as joint managing directors.</p><br>
<p>The renovations and extensions, which cost approximately £35,000, immediately boosted the status of McDonnell & East Ltd and George Street as a trading centre. The design allowed for further additions in Tank Street, but the Great Depression and World War II thwarted this proposal.</p><br>
<p>The George Street Post Office was located in the McDonnell & East Ltd building from 27 July 1931 until 28 September 1990. The area was let to the Postmaster General&#39;s Department free of charge for the first ten years, with the fittings supplied by the store. The office was manned by PMG staff.</p><br>
<p>After the Second World War business flourished once again, and by 1967 McDonnell & East Ltd had purchased all the property fronting Tank Street to North Quay; all the allotments facing North Quay up to, but excluding, the church at the corner of Turbot Street; and another allotment fronting Turbot Street. The site in Tank Street adjoining the 1928 building was acquired in 1950. It contained a two-storeyed building, into which McDonnell & East Ltd expanded. In 1960 this building was reconstructed as a three-storeyed extension of the McDonnell & East Ltd store. No attempt was made to design a street facade to conform with the 1912-1928 building.</p><br>
<p>A large, free customer car park, occupying most of the remainder of McDonnell & East Ltd&#39;s property at the rear of the store, was constructed in stages between about 1956 and 1969. This no longer survives.</p><br>
<p>Substantial renovations were carried out in the 1960s: the street level windows were remodelled in 1960; a number of small buildings at the rear of the store were demolished and replaced with a three-storeyed extension, creating an L-shape, in 1963; and in 1964 all remaining dividing walls on the three levels were removed. The Queensland Room Coffee Lounge and Gallery was opened in 1965, and won an international award for a community service project in a retail store.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, McDonnell & East Ltd was taken over by an investment group, but the family name was retained. The chain was in financial difficulties by 1990, and the Garden City, Toombul (closed by 1987), Rockhampton, Southport, Surfers Paradise, Toowoomba (Pigott&#39;s Building) and Warwick stores closed by January 1991. The George Street, Pacific Fair and Ipswich stores initially survived, although they were subsequently downsized, and closed altogether in March 1994.</p><br>
<p>The building was reported to be derelict in 2004, when a man was found trapped in the building, having suffered serious injuries after falling down a lift well. The accident resulted in Lord Mayor Campbell Newman ordering inspections of all the empty buildings in Brisbane&#39;s inner city.</p><br>
<p>In late 2005, the building was bought by De Martini and John Fletcher Properties Group and Rohrig Constructions for $8.38 million. It was redeveloped with retail spaces fronting George Street and Tank Street, and office space throughout the remainder of the building. The redevelopment won an Australian Property Institute excellence in property award for heritage property in 2007, and Rio Tinto leased most of the new office space as the building&#39;s anchor tenant. In December 2007, the building was sold to Lend Lease for more than $45 million.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building is three storeys high with a basement. It combines characteristics of many of the styles from the first quarter of the century. It has a Federation red brick and stucco facade and Art Nouveau lettering. The detailing reflects both the Arts and Crafts and Art Nouveau styles.</p><br>
<p>The building is of red brick with stucco render originally painted cream. The George Street facade has since been painted beige and its details picked out in a deep green. The George Street facade has six window bays and is divided into two equal sections of three. The central bay of each section has a pediment above its upper level window. All the windows on the George Street frontage have had the glazing painted over in the same colour as the walls with frames painted green.</p><br>
<p>The Tank Street frontage retains its alternating red brick and white rendered bays. There are four brick sections, which contain individual window bays. The first two rendered sections have two window bays while the end section has four. The upper level windows in the rendered bays have semi-circular arched openings, with three courses of unrendered brick above them for emphasis. All the windows in the rendered sections are grouped in pairs that are separated by unrendered bands of brick that have their bonding pattern picked out. White painted downpipes run down the wall in these locations.</p><br>
<p>Raised lettering with the name of the store and the goods it provided are a feature of both facades. There are raised sections of parapet centred over each pediment on the George Street facade and above each unrendered brick bay on the Tank Street facade. Flagpoles are located behind each raised section of parapet. A small curved portion flanks the sides of each raised parapet. The facade has protruding sills supported on decorative stucco brackets and similar hood moulds over the upper level windows.</p><br>
<p>Internally the original pressed metal remains above the modular suspended ceilings. This is completely exposed in the basement level and in some store rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building has suffered from the addition of modern shopfronts, the removal of the original awning and the painting of the George Street facade, but still contributes greatly to the streetscapes of both George and Tank Streets.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>McDonnell & East Ltd Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 December 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The McDonnell & East Ltd Building is important in contributing to the evolution of upper George Street as a commercial precinct, aided by the establishment of the markets and transportation and the financial investments of businessman and publican Peter Murphy.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The McDonnell & East Ltd Building is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an early 20th century department store, including the incorporation of advertising into the facade to illustrate the building&#39;s function.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The McDonnell & East Ltd Building is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular the quality of the street elevations, with the stepped parapet, ornamental detail and lettering, and paired window openings which give the facades a rhythmic quality.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building has a special association with the Brisbane firm of McDonnell & East Ltd and their contribution to the development of a department store culture in Brisbane in the early 20th century. The McDonnell & East Ltd Building also has special association with influential Brisbane architects TR Hall and GG Prentice, as an example of their commercial work.</p><br>
